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All Journal The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia
Salman Alfarisi
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Protection for Consumers of Cosmetic Products Through Consumer Education Duhita Driyah Suprapti; Salman Alfarisi; Shofriya Qonitatin Abidah; Anis Widyawati; Panggih Kusuma Ningrum
Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): (January-June 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jphi.v9i1.17593

Abstract

In today’s world, beauty and self-care have become essential aspects of daily life, making cosmetic products an integral part of modern society. Beyond enhancing appearance and self-confidence, cosmetics have become a medium for personal expression. However, consumer purchasing decisions are often influenced by social media, market trends, and sustainability values, while awareness of consumer rights and product safety remains relatively limited. One important aspect of cosmetic safety is the Period After Opening/PAO indicator, which specifies the period during which a cosmetic product remains safe to use after it has been opened. This community service activity aimed to improve public understanding of the importance of PAO information and promote greater awareness of consumer rights and safe cosmetic use. The program was implemented using an empirical legal approach supported by qualitative methods, including educational activities, surveys, and interviews to identify participants’ perceptions and levels of understanding regarding PAO information. The results revealed significant disparities in PAO literacy between individuals with higher educational backgrounds and those with lower levels of formal education, indicating unequal access to essential information related to cosmetic safety. The activity demonstrated that educational interventions can enhance public awareness of PAO indicators and encourage more informed and responsible consumer behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening public education initiatives and regulatory oversight to ensure consumer protection and promote the safe use of cosmetic products. This community service contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs, particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through the promotion of safer cosmetic practices, SDG 4 (Quality Education) by improving public literacy on cosmetic safety and consumer rights, and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by encouraging informed purchasing decisions and responsible consumption of cosmetic products.
The Dynamics of Secondary Rules in Constitutional Adjudication: An Analysis of H.L.A. Hart’s Theory on Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Salman Alfarisi; Najwa Hanif Artfian Arrasyid Aulia Putra; Primerta Putri Hapsari; Martitah Martitah; Dewi Sulistianingsih
The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijicle.v8i1.36563

Abstract

This study aims to examine the constitutional validity and theoretical implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Indonesia. The main issues raised are the inconsistency of legal reasoning and the shift in the role of the Constitutional Court, which acts as a positive legislator, triggering a substantive legitimacy crisis behind formal validity. The research method employed is a juridical-normative approach with a qualitative doctrinal orientation. The analysis was conducted using H.L.A. Hart’s theoretical instrument regarding the dual rule system to dissect the relationship between primary and secondary rules. The research findings indicate that procedurally, the decision is a valid application of the rule of adjudication and the rule of change, as it is sourced from the highest rule of recognition, namely the 1945 Constitution. However, a substantial rift exists between the internal aspects of legal authority and the external aspects of public acceptance due to the open-ended nature of the legal language used by the judge. This study concludes that although the decision has binding legal force, this phenomenon indicates an expansion of secondary authority that can threaten legal certainty if not limited by objective parameters. The results of this study contribute to clinical legal education by enhancing understanding of the dynamics of norm change through judicial channels during the democratic transition process.
Co-Authors Anis Widyawati Dewi Sulistianingsih Duhita Driyah Suprapti Martitah Najwa Hanif Artfian Arrasyid Aulia Putra Panggih Kusuma Ningrum Primerta Putri Hapsari Shofriya Qonitatin Abidah