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All Journal Civil Engineering Journal
Sabah H. Fartosy
Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10047
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Numerical Analysis of Slope Stability and Failure Mechanisms in Kerosene-Contaminated Soils Treated with Nanoparticles Sahar Al-Khyat; Zuhair Abd Hachem; Hayder A. Hasan; Sabah H. Fartosy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-06

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation into the effectiveness of nano-clay and nano-silica in restoring the stability of sandy lean clay slopes that are constructed with either clean or kerosene-contaminated soils. The finite element code ADONIS was used to model these systems, applying the Strength Reduction Method to determine the factor of safety of slopes constructed with soils contaminated with 0-12% kerosene, with 0-3% nano-clay or nano-silica additives, and cured for ages between 1 and 28 days. The Displacement Increment Ratio and the Normalized Displacement Index were developed as indicators of the potential failure of these slopes. Results indicated that slopes constructed with soils contaminated with 12% kerosene exhibited a reduction in factor of safety of more than 60%. However, the addition of 1% nano-clay or 1.5% nano-silica to slopes constructed with clean sandy lean clay increased the factor of safety by more than 300%. Additionally, the factor of safety increased almost linearly with increasing curing age for both contaminated and clean sandy lean clay slopes. Finally, the addition of nano-clay and nano-silica resulted in the most stable slopes relative to those with only sandy lean clay. The novelty of this work is the recognition of the role of nanoparticles in the remediation and stabilization of slopes constructed with hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, and the development of the Displacement Increment Ratio and the Normalized Displacement Index as indicators of potential slope failure.
Hybrid Finite Element and Surrogate Reliability Framework for Micropile Underpinning of Distressed Heritage Buildings Sabah H. Fartosy; Zuhair Abd Hacheem; Shaimaa Hasan Fadhil
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 9 (2026): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-09-07

Abstract

Heritage buildings founded on soft alluvial clay settle differentially when the groundwater table fluctuates and adjacent construction proceeds, yet micropile underpinning is still designed deterministically through a global factor of safety. This study quantifies the reliability such practice actually delivers and identifies cost-efficient alternatives. An axisymmetric finite-element model, a hyperbolic load-transfer model, and Mindlin interaction factors predict group capacity and settlement. Five lognormal random variables are propagated by the First-Order Reliability Method and Monte Carlo simulation to obtain reliability indices for the capacity, total settlement, and differential settlement limit states. Kriging and gradient-boosting surrogates trained on a Latin hypercube design replace the group solver within an NSGA-II search over diameter, length, pile number, and spacing. Three alluvial profiles compiled from a 62-sample database are analyzed under an 800 kN column load. Conventional practice (four 200 mm diameter, 12 m long micropiles at a factor of safety of three) returns a system reliability index below one on the two softer profiles, with serviceability rather than capacity governing. Kriging outperforms gradient boosting, reaching test coefficients of determination of 0.88 to 0.93 versus 0.72 to 0.85. The novelty is a reproducible open-source workflow linking a regional soil database directly to reliability-based underpinning design.
Co-Authors Hayder A. Hasan Sahar Al-Khyat Shaimaa Hasan Fadhil Zuhair Abd Hacheem Zuhair Abd Hachem