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All Journal Automotive Experiences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Gotama, Gabriel Jeremy
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Journal : Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

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The Effect of Ignition Timing on Combustion of Ammonia/Ethanol Mixtures in Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition Engine with a Sub-chamber Okada, Takanobu; Ichiyanagi, Mitsuhisa; Yilmaz, Emir; Suzuki, Takashi; Shiraishi, Hikaru; Ngwompe Souop, Eric Le Roy; Widjaja, Evan; Sutedjo, Jason; Marcelo, Christian Dennis; Tjiotijono, Ferdinand Ronaldo; Gotama, Gabriel Jeremy; Anggono, Willyanto
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 57 No. 6 (2025): Vol. 57 No. 6 (2025): December
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.6.1

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia (NH3) has emerged as a promising alternative fuel due to its high energy density, ease of transportation, and carbon-free molecular structure. However, its practical application is challenged by slow combustion characteristics and high ignition temperatures. This study investigates the combustion behaviour of ethanol-ammonia mixtures using a high-compression-ratio engine (17.7:1) equipped with a sub-chamber. The engine operated at a constant speed of 1000 rpm. Ammonia energy ratios of 40%, 50%, and 60% were tested across ignition timings of 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, and 8° crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC). Results indicate that advancing the ignition timing increases in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate while reducing combustion duration. Lower ammonia energy ratios yielded higher thermal efficiency. Conversely, higher ammonia content and advanced ignition timings led to increased NOx emissions.
Co-Authors Basjir, Mochammad Ena Marlina Gunawan, Sebastian Ichiyanagi, Mitsuhisa Jonathan, Leon Kodaka, Masashi Marcelo, Christian Dennis Mukae, Shinnosuke Ngwompe Souop, Eric Le Roy Okada, Takanobu Rahmad, Hadi Shiraishi, Hikaru Sutedjo, Jason Takashi Suzuki, Takashi Tamba, Ryota Tjiotijono, Ferdinand Ronaldo Wahyu, Mujahid Widjaja, Evan Widjaja, Henry Willyanto Anggono Yamamoto, Hikaru Yilmaz, Emir