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All Journal PERSPEKTIF Publicio : Jurnal Ilmiah Politik, Kebijakan dan Sosial
Candradewi, Renny
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Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Empat Wajah Kekuasaan: Kajian Spektrum Kepemimpinan Politik Indonesia Pascareformasi (1999–2024) Wulandari, Novita; Munandar, Aris; Candradewi, Renny; Supardi, Supardi
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PERSPEKTIF January
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v15i1.16495

Abstract

This study develops a Spectrum Model of Indonesian Political Leadership through an analysis of the political thought and exercise of power of four post-reform presidents: Abdurrahman Wahid, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Joko Widodo, and Prabowo Subianto. The study aims to map variations in political leadership within Indonesia’s electoral democracy from 1999 to 2024 and to explain their implications for democratic quality. Using content analysis, the research examines 86 state speeches, 24 policy documents, and 212 national media articles. The analysis employs frequency coding of key thematic terms representing orientations toward power and democracy. The findings identify four ideal types of political leadership: Normative–Pluralist, Rational–Stable, Populist–Pragmatic, and Militaristic–Adaptive. These types exhibit fundamental differences in power orientation, state–society relations, and strategies of political consolidation. The spectrum model offers a new analytical framework for understanding leadership dynamics in electoral democracies that are vulnerable to oligarchic influence and power centralization. Policy implications underscore the importance of strengthening non-executive
Co-Authors Aris Munandar Fitrianti, Mia Putri Novita Wulandari Supardi Supardi Verto Septiandika, Verto