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Journal : Padjadjaran Journal of International Law

THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: FROM ‘COLD WAR’ TO ‘WARMING WAR’ Imam Mulyana
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 3, Number 2, June 2019
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v3i2.317

Abstract

AbstractThe impacts of climate changes around the world have become global concern at both national and international level. A broad scheme of international cooperation to mitigate their impacts has been engaged through several international legal frameworks. However, such efforts are considered insufficient to stem the consequences and causes of climate change. It is therefore important to examine a proper legal enforcement mechanism for the climate changes issues. This paper thus starts with explaining the scope and definition of climate changes and sees whether it has correlation with the security issues. It is followed by examining the authority of UN Security Council (UNSC) vested in the UN Charter and observes whether it has authorisation in enforcing the climate changes issues. Although, as a result of its examination, this article finds that UNSC mechanism provides widen possible measures in enforcing climate change’s issues rather than other existing mechanisms under international law, it still suggests that UNSC mechanism shall only be used as a last resort after the other enforcement mechanisms are exhausted. Keywords: Climate Change, Threat to International Peace and Security, UN Charter, UN Security Council AbstrakDampak perubahan iklim di berbagai belahan dunia telah menjadi perhatian negara-negara tidak saja di tingkat nasional tetapi juga di tingkat internasional. Upaya untuk menanggulangi dampak dari perubahan iklim melalui sejumlah kerja sama internasional telah secara luas dilakukan namun belum mampu mencegah penyebab dan menghentikan dampak dari perubahan iklim tersebut. Dengan demikian, penentuan mekanisme penegakan hukum yang paling tepat dalam memeriksa kasus perubahan ilklim ini merupakan hal yang penting. Tulisan ini dimulai dengan penjelasan fenomena perubahan iklim dan hubungannya dengan isu keamanan. Pertama-tama artikel ini membahas ruang lingkup dari perubahan iklim dan kewenangan Dewan Keamanan (DK) PBB. Oleh karena itu, sebagai upaya untuk mencari cara lain dalam penanggulanan dampak dari perubahan iklim, sangatlah penting untuk memahami serangkaian otoritas yang dimiliki DK PBB. Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa mekanisme DK PBB ternyata menunjukan kemungkinan yang lebih luas dalam hal penerapan sanksi yang lebih memaksa dan lebih mengikat dibanding mekanisme lain yang telah ada saat ini sebagai mekanisme untuk menanggulangi perubahan iklim. Meskipun tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa Dewan Keamanan PBB mempunyai kewenangan hukum untuk mengatasi masalah perubahan iklim, akan tetapi mekanisme internasional yang lain diluar mekanisme Dewan Keamanan PBB harus tetap menjadi prioritas dan dijalankan terlebih dahulu.Kata Kunci: Dewan Keamanan PBB, Piagam PBB, Perubahan iklim, Ancaman terhadap Perdamaian dan Keamanan Internasional.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY OF WARSHIPS TO UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLES (UUV) UNDER LAW OF THE SEA Naomi Catherine Felencia; R. Achmad Gusman Catur Siswandi; Imam Mulyana
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 6, Number 1, January 2022
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v6i1.954

Abstract

Along with the times, there have been advances in marine technology which includes Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV). Some countries have started using UUVs for both commercial and military marine activities since UUVs have several advantages that ordinary ships do not have. However, the development and application of UUVs for marine purposes raises numerous problems since there isn’t clear regulation regarding UUV. Current legal instruments only explain the meaning of ship without classifying the type of ship itself. It raises a problem since it led to different interpretations between countries and the determination of legal rules for UUV. One incident related to UUV technology can be seen from the Bowditch incident where from this incident there are differences in interpretation on the classification of UUV between America and Tiongkok. Other incidents can also be seen from the entry of foreign UUVs into Indonesia waters for research purposes. From several incidents, there are main issues to the classification of UUVs which are connected to warships and their military activities. The classification of UUVs as merchant ships or warships is necessary considering that the rights of immunity owned by warships will affect the legal status of UUVs and their activities. Regulations that are still ambiguous will affect the Coastal State’s actions if there are foreign UUVs entering their sea areas, especially if the UUVs are used for military activities. Therefore, it is necessary to have clear regulations regarding UUVs including their classification and determine marine activities that allowed for the use of UUVs.
The Role of Paris Agreement in the Application of the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) Principle Puti Ayla Zafira Adriansyah; R. A. Gusman Catur Siswandi; Imam Mulyana
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 7, Number 1, January 2023
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v7i1.1324

Abstract

The Paris Agreement is one of the climate change agreements that formed on the basis of voluntarycontributions and uses the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and RespectiveCapabilities (CBDR-RC) as the ground norm of its implementation. The principle allows state parties todetermine their own targets and efforts to reduce emissions on a national and global level. However, theprinciple poses a challenge to the Agreement because it could lead to non-compliance by the stateparties and reduce their ambition to achieve net-zero emission targets. In addition, the question arises asto how international law can encourage compliance with the CBDR-RC principle and what efforts aremade to achieve an effective implementation. This article provides an understanding of the role ofinternational law in accommodating the dynamics of the CBDR-RC principle in the context of climatechange. It also discusses the role of international law in the compliance process and its relation tocompliance mechanisms as an effort to encourage the implementation of CBDR-RC principle. The resultindicates that international law through the principle can encourage state parties to comply by filling thegap in the Agreement which is the soft rules. Therefore, a good compliance committee and rules thatconsist of an easy way for state parties to comply are needed to achieve an effective implementation ofthe principles.