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Dewi I.S. Santoso
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Effect of long-term physical training and detraining on myocyte structure and connective tissue of Wistar rat’s ventricle: preliminary experiment in rats Santoso, Dewi I.S.; Lontoh, Susy O.; Wuyung, Puspita E.; Endardjo, Sutjahjo
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 20, No 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2373.174 KB) | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.460

Abstract

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the structural changes of the ventricular myocardium in a physiological  hypertrophic heart model due to long term aerobic and  anaerobic physical training and detraining.Methods: In-vivo experimental study on Wistar rats (8 weeks old), weighing 150-250 grams who were divided into 3 large groups: control group, aerobic exercise group and anaerobic exercise group. Aerobic and anaerobic training were conducted for 4 and 12 weeks. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks of exercising, half of each exercising group was sacrificed to study the morphological and histopathological changes in myocardial structure. The remaining of the groups were given a period of 4 weeks of detraining and sacrificed at the end of the 8th and 16th week.Results: Significant differences in heart weight and left  ventricular wall thickness was found in the 4 weeks of aerobic and anaerobic group compared to the control group (751.0 ± 36.5 gr and 791.1 ± 15.8 gr vs 588 ± 19.4 gr ), (3.34 ± 0.12 mm and 3.19 ± 0.1 mm vs 2.80 ± 0.07 mm). An increase in heart mass weight was observed in both 12 weeks aerobic and anaerobic training group compared to the control group (1030.8 ± 82.4 gr and 1140.4 + 0.24 gr vs 871.6 ± 62.0 gr). Heart volume of the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups showed a significant increase (3.58 ± 0.31 mm and 4.04 ± 0.30 mm) compared to the control group (2.82 ± 0.14 mm). The length of cardiomyocyte was in log 10 to normalize the data. There was a significant increase in the length of the cardiac muscle cells of the 4 weeks aerobic and anaerobic group (1.09± 0.08 μm and 1.00± 0.12 μm) compared with the control group (0.73± 0.1 μm). Width of heart muscle cells in the 4 weeks aerobic-anaerobic group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group (5.38± 1.3 μm and 5.5± 2.11 μm) vs (2.74± 0.53 μm). Significant reduction in the length of cardiac muscle cells in the detrained 4 weeks aerobic group (0.94± 0.08 μm) was found when compared to the treatment group (1.09± 0.08 μm). Significant differences were found between the length of cardiac muscle cells in the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups (1.3± 0.04 μm and 1.2± 0.07 μm) compared to the control group (0.95± 0.69 μm). Significant width increments of heart muscle cells was found in the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups (7.3± 1.01 μm and 6.44± 0.08 μm) compared to the control group (4.52 ± 0.91 μm).Conclusion: Long term aerobic and anaerobic training causes an increase in both wall thickness and diameter of the left  ventricular cavity, as well as slight fibrosis. The increase in wall thickness, diameter, and fibrosis diminish during detraining period. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:271-7)Keywords: Aerobic/anaerobic exercise, detraining, fibrosis,  myocardial structure
Effects of anaerobic exercise and detraining on the caspase-3 expression of rat ventricular cardiomyocyte Siagian, Minarma; Lousiana, Maria; Santoso, Dewi I.S.; Endardjo, Sutjahjo
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2015): June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (659.577 KB) | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v24i2.1220

Abstract

Background: Anaerobic physical exercise is a high intensity physical exercise performed in a short time. This exercise can stimulate apoptosis in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study is to analyze the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after anaerobic exercise and detraining.Methods: Thirty two wistar rats Ratus Novergicus 250-350 grams (8-10 weeks old) were divided into the following groups (n = 4) and given naerobic physical exercise four and 12 weeks (group Exc-4, Exc-12) and anaerobic exercise followed by four weeks of detraining (Exc-4-D, Exc-12-D). The control groups were only observed in the same period (group CTL-4, CTL-12, CTL-4-D, CTL-12-D). At the end of observation, the rats were sacrificed and examination of the expression of caspase-3 as an indicator of apoptosis was done using immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed with ANOVA test.Results: An increase in expression of caspase-3 in the group Exc-4 (72.03%) compared to the CTL-4 (27.22%), (p < 0,001); and Exc-12 (79.30%) compared to the CTL-12 (30.53%) (p = 0.027). Detraining process showed a significant decline Capase-3 expression (31.12% in exc-4-D and 30.44% in the exc-12-D).Conclusion: Anaerobic physical exercise can increase apoptosis in rat left ventricle cardiomyocyte characterized by increased expression of caspase-3. Detraining can improve heart condition characterized by decreased expression of caspase-3. 
Blood lactate level in Wistar rats after four and twelve week intermittent aerobic training Sari, Dewi N.; Endardjo, Sutjahjo; Santoso, Dewi I.S.
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2013): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (593.326 KB) | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v22i3.582

Abstract

Background: Aerobic training can be done not only continuously, but also intermittently. Intermittent aerobic training aimed to get blood lactate level lower than continuous aerobic training. Blood lactate concentration in one of the various factors that determine training performance. However, until recently, little studies about intermittent aerobic training and blood lactate levels have been done. Therefore, this study aimed to measure blood lactate levels in Wistar rats after 4 and 12 weeks of intermittent aerobic training.Methods: 16 Wistar rats were divided into two groups, control and aerobic group. Every group was divided into two subgroups, 4-week and 12-week subgroup. Aerobic group performed training using T-6000 treadmill with a speed of 20 m/minute for 20 minutes, with resting period for 90 seconds every 5 minute. Measurements of lactate level was done with L-lactate (PAP) Randox kit (LC2389).Results: Blood lactate level in the 4-week aerobic group was 2.11 mmol/L, while that of the 4-week control group was 1.82 mmol/L (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, lactate level in 12-week aerobic group was 1.71 mmol/L (p < 0.05), and significantly lower than in 12-week control group, which was 3.03 mmol/L.Conclusion: This study showed that lactate level after 12-week intermittent aerobic training was the lowest compared to 4-week intermittent aerobic and 12-week control group. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:141-5. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i3.582)Keywords: Blood lactate, intermittent aerobic training, Wistar rat
Co-Authors Dewi N. Sari Maria Lousiana, Maria Minarma Siagian Puspita E. Wuyung Susy O. Lontoh Sutjahjo Endardjo