The current study has been designed to evaluate the effect of silica Oxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) exposure on the reproductive performance of male rats. Forty adult Wistar male rats ( aged 60-70 days with body weight130-140 g), were randomly divided into four equal groups , 10 rats per group : control group were received physiological saline, and three treated groups were administered by gavage at dose (1 mg , 10 mg and 100 mg/kg Body weight) of SiO2NPs suspension daily for 22 days, Body weight , some characters of sperms (sperm count, percentage of motility , abnormality , sperms viability ) and histological changes in testis and epididymis were investigated. The results showed insignificant decrease (p ≥ 0.05) in body weight of three treated groups in comparison with control group. Experimental results obtained from SiO2NPs treated male rats showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in sperm count , percentage of motility and viability sperms , while a significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage of dead and abnormality sperms compared to control group, histopathological results revealed changes in tissues of testes such as atrophy in some seminiferous tubules with expanded lining . Also noted tubules in both testis and epididymis are empty from sperms with hyperplasia and damage in stereocilia of tubules lining cells of epididymis.Keywords: SiO2NPs, Rats, Reproductive, Sperm, Testis, Epididymis.