Jamaluddin, Muhammad Herman
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Journal : International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems

A Review of Deep Learning-Based Defect Detection and Panel Localization for Photovoltaic Panel Surveillance System Mohamed Ameerdin, Muhammad Irshat; Jamaluddin, Muhammad Herman; Shukor, Ahmad Zaki; Mohamad, Syazwani
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 4, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v4i4.1579

Abstract

As the photovoltaic (PV) systems expands globally, robust defect detection and precise localization technologies becomes crucial to ensure their operational efficiency. This review introduces an integrated deep learning framework that leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithms to enhance defect detection in solar panels. By integrating these technologies with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS, the framework achieves unprecedented accuracy in defect localization, facilitating efficient maintenance and monitoring of expansive solar farms. Specifically, CNNs are employed for their superior feature detection capabilities in identifying defects such as microcracks and delamination. RNNs enhance the framework by analyzing time-series data from panel sensors, predicting potential failure points before they manifest. YOLO algorithms are utilized for their real-time detection capabilities, allowing for immediate identification and categorization of defects during routine inspections. This review's novel contribution lies in its use of an integrated approach that combines these advanced technologies to not only detect but also accurately localize defects, significantly impacting the maintenance strategies for PV systems. The findings demonstrate an improvement in detection speed and localization accuracy, suggesting a promising direction for future research in solar panel diagnostics. The review provided aims to refine surveillance systems and improve the maintenance protocols for photovoltaic installations, ensuring longevity, durability and efficiency in energy production.
Powertrain Conversion of a Small Agricultural Tractor from Diesel Engine to Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Yaacob, Ahmad Zaki; Jamaluddin, Muhammad Herman; Shukor, Ahmad Zaki; Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 5, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v5i2.1826

Abstract

This paper presents the powertrain conversion of a small diesel-powered tractor into an electric tractor or electric off-road vehicle (EORV), offering a cost-effective alternative to purchasing a new electric model, which may be financially challenging for small-scale farmers. Given that electricity is generally cheaper than diesel fuel in Malaysia, the conversion approach aims to reduce long-term operational costs while maintaining or improving performance. The primary contribution of this work is a systematic and practical method for electric tractor conversion. The process begins with analysing the existing performance and operational requirements of the diesel tractor, followed by the selection of suitable components—namely, the electric motor, battery cells, and other associated systems. These components are then integrated into the tractor, and initial testing was performed. A speed run test was conducted to evaluate the power capability of the converted tractor. Results indicate that the electric motor delivers higher power and speed compared to the original diesel engine. The onboard energy monitoring device recorded a noticeable current spike and voltage sag during acceleration, as expected. The motor power was calculated from the recorded voltage and current data. The data show that the motor output exceeds the rated power of the original engine, suggesting that the system can handle higher loads. Some challenges encountered during the conversion process include the high initial cost, limited availability of components that meet performance requirements, and technical challenges in ensuring the durability and efficiency of the modified drivetrain. In conclusion, further testing under various load conditions is necessary to fully evaluate energy consumption and system performance in real agricultural environments.