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Journal : International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems

Radial Basis Function Network Based Self-Adaptive PID Controller for Quadcopter: Through Diverse Conditions Sahrir, Nur Hayati; Basri, Mohd Ariffanan Mohd
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 4, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v4i1.1261

Abstract

A quadcopter is an underactuated and nonlinear system which requires a robust controller to aid in maneuvering the quadcopter during flight. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is easy and suitable to implement, and its efficiency is proved in quadcopter control. However, a PID controller with fixed parameters is inadequate enough to control a quadcopter system with different inputs or perturbations. This paper proposes the development of a self-adaptive PID controller assisted by Radial Basis Function (RBF) Network, to improve the function of the PID controller and help a quadcopter to better adapt towards different inputs and situations, independently.  This work contributes to introducing RBF-PID controller to adaptively fly the underactuated quadcopter through different trajectory and perturbations using simulation. By using the hidden Gaussian function to train the current input, estimate the suitable output and update the Jacobian Information during system control, the PID gains can change adaptively during flight, additionally with the help of Gradient Descent Method (GDM). The proposed method is compared to the traditional PID controller tuned using the PID Tuner App in Simulink. Different inputs are given to test the altitude, attitudes, and position tracking such as step, multistep, sine wave, circular and lemniscate trajectory. The simulated results proved the robustness of RBF-PID in enhancing the disturbance rejection capacity by 13% to 25% in the presence of perturbations (sine wave and wind gust) compared to PID controller. The proposed controller can ensure quadcopter’s flight stability through perturbations that is within the quadcopter’s limitations.
Intelligent PID Controller Based on Neural Network for AI-Driven Control Quadcopter UAV Sahrir, Nur Hayati; Basri, Mohd Ariffanan Mohd
International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems Vol 4, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electronics and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijrcs.v4i2.1374

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), specifically a quadcopter is publicly popular which it provides services in different applications such as aerial delivery, aerial photography, military, weather forecasting and more examples to date. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is one of the control techniques that can provide stabilization and reliable trajectory tracking. However, proper PID gains are needed to ensure a stable flight and it should be hybridized or improved to increase the robustness, reliability, and stabilization during flight. In this paper, an intelligent PID controller using neural network is proposed based on Levenberg-Marquardt feedforward neural network training method. The PID gains are initialized using different ranges according to the optimal gains generated by Particle Swarm Optimization, and this contributes towards a good training performance using Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluation. The trained network takes desired output and references as input data to calculate the required combination of PID gains as the output. The including of the response characteristics as the input data for the network, together with reference, error, and control input is the significance of the work. The performance of this work is presented using MSE performances, attitudes and altitude stabilization, and trajectory tracking reliability through error index performances. The simulation results graphically prove that the proposed controller provides better stability with reduced overshoot and settling times. Disturbance rejection is also enhanced by 1.7% compared to manual tuned PID controller. The reliability of the proposed controller highlights avenues for further exploration in AI-driven control strategies for quadcopter systems.