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Ahmad Ali Afandi
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Conflict and Media Framing: The Case of Detik.com News towards Rohingya Conflict Ahmad Ali Afandi; Hammad Isyroqun; Badrus Sholeh
Jurnal Transformasi Global Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Transformasi Global (JTG)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.011.02.6

Abstract

This study analyzes the framing strategies used by Detik.com in covering the Rohingya conflict using the Robert N. Entman approach. Through an analysis of a number of published news, it was found that Detik.com tend to portray the crackdown by the Myanmar government as a violation of human rights and international law. The reports highlighted the systematic violence and persecution experienced by the Rohingya community, describing it as a form of oppression perpetrated by the Myanmar regime against the Muslim minority. This framing positions the Rohingya community as victims and exposes Myanmar as the main perpetrator of international human rights violations. Detik.com framing strategy not only focuses on describing events, but also emphasizes the violent relationship between the Myanmar government and the Rohingya community as an issue that requires international attention. Through reports that emphasize the need for international intervention and protection for the Rohingya community, Detik.com directed its audience to condemn the actions of the Myanmar regime and support solutions oriented towards the protection of the rights of the Rohingya community. In addition, Detik.com also showed the solutions offered, which are more likely to favor independence and the return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar in safe conditions. Using Robert N. Entman's framing theory, the study reveals how Detik.com frame the Rohingya conflict as an issue related to human rights, international law, and the need for international intervention to protect victims. This framing not only exposes the reality of the violence experienced by the Rohingya, but also illustrates the need for global action to ensure long-term protection for the Rohingya community who continue to live in insecurity.
Digital Battlescapes: Assessing ASEAN’s Readiness for Cyber War in the Geopolitical Arena Ahmad Ali Afandi; Hammad Isyroqunnajah; Badrus Sholeh
Jurnal Transformasi Global Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Transformasi Global (JTG)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.012.01.5

Abstract

This study explores the dynamics of national cyber readiness and the geopolitical dimension of cyber warfare in the Southeast Asian region, with a special focus on ASEAN member developing countries. The study is divided into four main focuses. First, the dimension of national cyber readiness is analyzed through parameters such as national policies, technical capacity, human resources, and legal and institutional frameworks. Second, the cyber threat profile in Southeast Asia is mapped based on attack trends, threat actors (both state and non-state), and critical infrastructure vulnerabilities. Third, the research examines how cyber warfare is not only a technical issue, but also a new arena of geopolitical contestation between countries, including the involvement of major actors such as China and the United States in creating influence through technology and digital networks. Fourth, the evaluation of the readiness of developing countries in ASEAN is carried out using a comparative approach, examine cyber readiness indicators from countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The results show that despite increased awareness and policy initiatives, there are still significant gaps in cyber readiness between countries, especially in terms of resources, regional coordination, and detection-response capabilities. This research recommends strengthening collaboration between ASEAN countries in cybersecurity, establishing an integrated regional framework, and strategic investment in the development of local talent and technology. These findings are expected to contribute to the formulation of more adaptive and inclusive cyber policies in the Southeast Asian region.
The Construction of Artificial Intelligence as an International Security Issue in the United Nations Agenda 2025 Ahmad Ali Afandi; Badrus Sholeh
Jurnal Transformasi Global Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Transformasi Global (JTG)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtg.012.02.4

Abstract

This study analyzes how the United Nations (UN) constructs the issue of artificial intelligence (AI) as part of international security through a constructivist approach. In recent years, AI has developed rapidly and raised global concerns regarding technological misuse, disinformation, and potential threats to political stability and human rights. This phenomenon has driven the emergence of various global governance initiatives, including discussions at the UN Summit of the Future 2025. Using qualitative methods and constructivist discourse analysis, this research examines official documents, speeches by the Secretary-General, and reports from institutions such as UNIDIR, WEF, and OECD. The analysis is conducted through three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. The findings reveal that the concept of “AI security” does not arise naturally from the nature of the technology itself but is shaped through social processes and normative discourses among global actors. The UN acts as a norm entrepreneur promoting the values of responsible AI and collective security, while states interpret these norms according to their own identities and interests. Thus, AI security is a social construct reflecting the interaction between ideas, interests, and identities within the international system. This study contributes to the strengthening of non-traditional security studies by demonstrating how technological issues can be understood as arenas for the formation of global norms and state political identities.
Co-Authors Badrus Sholeh Hammad Isyroqun Hammad Isyroqunnajah