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J Renukadevi
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Exploring the neuroprotective role of probiotics in the therapeutic interventions of cognitive decline J Renukadevi; R Velmurugan; G Nandhinidevi; V S Karthikha; V Sri Vaishnavi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.648

Abstract

Background: Cognitive decline is developing as a critical alarm in public health concerns initiated by neuroinflammation, an indispensable contributing factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics and postbiotics have evolved as key therapeutic factors in treating neuroinflammation by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways and therapeutically controlling cognitive decline by its influence on the gut-brain axis. Methodology: This comprehensive review integrates the current status of the insight into the molecular mechanisms of probiotics that promote cognitive health. The review explains their synergistic effects on gut microbiota and their influence on neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter levels, and insulin sensitivity. It also explores preclinical and clinical studies involving the neuroprotective benefits of specific probiotic strains. Results: Probiotics are reported to alter gut microbiota by supporting neuroinflammation, thus enhancing cognitive function. The key findings were their role in reducing plaque formation and controlling tau protein hyperphosphorylation, thus improving mitochondrial efficiency. Recent research reveals that strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have proven efficacy in reducing tau phosphorylation and amyloid β pathology in animal models. In addition, probiotics improve insulin sensitivity and neurotransmitter levels, leading to improved cognitive outcomes. Discussion: The microbiota-gut-brain axis is essential in studying the neuroprotective role of probiotics. Probiotics have been reported for their ability to reduce neuroinflammatory markers, leading to improved neurogenesis in the brain's hippocampus. Thus transforming these research findings to clinical therapies requires further research to support and to overcome the limitations and exploring the complete mechanism involved. Conclusion: Probiotics thus being explored to develop as new therapeutic interventions in cognitive decline, with substantial preclinical evidence supporting their benefits. Still persistent research is essential to transform these findings in clinical  trials in the development of  probiotic-based therapies for cognitive health.
Molecular dynamic simulation studies of hemidesmus indicus-derived oleanen-3-yl acetate in stat3 based tumor signaling J Renukadevi; V S Karthikha; J Sam Helinto; D. Prena; Arockiya Rabin A
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.670

Abstract

Background: This study shows how oleanen-3-yl acetate, a plant substance found in Hemidesmus indicus, can be used as a medicine by looking at how it interacts with important signaling proteins in tumor inflammation. Methodology: Molecular docking and dynamics simulation analysis was carried out using PyRx and GROMACS to investigate the binding affinities and the interactions of oleanen-3-yl acetate with critical signaling protein receptors, including STAT3, NF-κB p105, and p53. Results: According to the docking studies, it has a strong binding energy of -8.1 kcal/mol for interacting with STAT3. This supports a strong downregulation of the STAT3-NF-κB signaling axis, a key factor in tumor inflammation. It sheds light on the conformational changes induced by Oleanen derivatives during binding, demonstrating its ability to destabilize the complex and enhance p53's apoptotic activity. Discussion: The RMSD values are maintained below at 2 Å throughout the simulation period, confirming the high structural stability of the ligand-protein complexes, while RMSF analysis is maintained at minimal fluctuation (<1.5 Å) involving key residues,  supporting the best ligand-protein interactions. The fluctuations in root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) values further elucidate their involvement in the initiation of apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion: It shows an effective way to find new drugs and gives useful information for the future development of therapeutic agents based on Hemidesmus indicus in tumor inflammation.  This research provides a robust technical foundation for further experimental validation and optimization in the drug development pipeline.
Co-Authors Arockiya Rabin A D. Prena G Nandhinidevi J Sam Helinto R Velmurugan V S Karthikha V Sri Vaishnavi