Hastuti, Rela
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Meta-Analysis: The Impact of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on Patient Satisfaction Hafida, Salsabilla Luthfiana Ayu; Hastuti, Rela; Murti, Bhisma; Handayani, Anggun Fitri
Journal of Health Policy and Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpm.2025.10.01.10

Abstract

Background: A component of effective health care is measuring patient satisfaction. Satisfaction helps in the evaluation of health services from the patient's perspective. In order to compete globally, hospitals need to consider marketing strategies that emphasize understanding customer needs, wants and demands. One of the most common and widely applied marketing concepts in this context is the marketing mix, which includes four main elements, namely product, place, promotion and price. This research aims to estimate the magnitude of the influence of the marketing mix (4P) which includes product, price, place and promotion on patient satisfaction. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis studies with PICO research questions. Population = general patients. Intervention = high product quality, high promotion, long distance and high price. Comparison = low product quality, lack of promotion, close distance to facilities, and low price. Out­come= Patient satisfaction. Data obtained from Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, with the keywords "Product for patient satisfaction" OR "Promotion for patient satisfaction" OR "Price for patient satisfaction" OR "Place for patient satisfaction" AND "Marketing patient satisfaction" OR "Marketing mix patient satisfaction” AND aOR. The effect size used was the Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) from multivariate analysis. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: This meta-analysis was carried out on 20 primary studies with a cross-sectional design, originating from Turkey, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Ghana. The sample size was 14,388 people. The meta-analysis results show that patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and is statistically significant (aOR= 2.23; CI 95%= 1.54 to 3.23; p<0.001) and good promotion, although not statistically significant (aOR= 1.42; CI 95 %= 0.75 to 2.71; p= 0.280). Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to a health facility (aOR= 0.55; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.86; p= 0.009) and high price (aOR= 0.56; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.81; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction increases with high product quality and good promotions. Patient satisfaction decreases with distance to the facility and high prices.
Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Sekolah (Literature Review): Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Sekolah (Literature Review) Hastuti, Rela; Agustin Mahardika Hariyadi; Hariyadi
Pro Health Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Pro Health Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Latar belakang : Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan priorita snasional yang diinisiasi pasangan Prabowo–Gibran dengan alokasi anggaran tahun 2025 sebesar Rp71 triliun. Program ini ditujukan bagi siswa prasekolah, sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah, hingga pesantren, dengan tujuan meningkatkan status gizi sekaligus mendukung kualitas sumber daya manusia. Artikel ini bertujuan menelaah implementasi MBG di sekolah melalui metode literature review. Metode : Pencarian artikel dilakukan di Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “makan bergizi gratis”, “sekolah”, dan “status gizi”. Dari 2980 artikel yang ditemukan, diseleksi berdasarkan tahun terbit (2024–2025), sehingga tersisa 1770 artikel. Setelah melalui proses inklusi dan eksklusi, lima artikel dipilih sebagai sumber utama. Hasil : Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa siswa sekolah dasar dan menengah merupakan sasaran utama yang tepat karena kerentanannya terhadap masalah gizi. Implementasi MBG mencakup kebijakan, distribusi, dan penyusunan menu bergizi, namun masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur di daerah 3T, standar menu yang belum seragam, serta koordinasi antar sektor. Meski demikian, MBG terbukti berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan status gizi, konsentrasi belajar, kehadiran sekolah, serta mendapat penerimaan baik dari masyarakat. Simpulan: Secara keseluruhan, MBG berpotensi menjadi strategi nasional penting di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan, dengan catatan tata kelola, monitoring, dan dukungan anggaran berkelanjutan perlu terus diperkuat.