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All Journal Journal of Tropical Crop Science International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (IJFANRES)
Ayalew, Abebe
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Journal : Journal of Tropical Crop Science

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Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Ayalew, Abebe; Abtie, Abate; Tiruneh, Abiye; Wudu, Eshete
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.388-397

Abstract

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers.
Assessment of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Horticultural Crops in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Mihretie, Aderajew; Kassaw, Admasie; Gashaw, Berhan; Yimer, Desalegn; Ayalew, Abebe; Mihretie, Akalu
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.1-19

Abstract

Diseases and insect pests are serious problems affecting horticultural crops grown in mid and lowland areas. A systematic survey was conducted to assess the distribution, incidence, and severity/damage levels of diseases and insect pests of horticultural crops in the mid- and lowland areas of the North and South Wollo zones (Kalu, Tehuledere, Habru, and Kobo districts) during the 2017/2018 main and irrigation seasons. During the survey, a total of 279 fields on 14 different horticultural crop types were addressed. As revealed by the assessment, horticultural crops are subjected to numerous pests. Citrus woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus) and leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) on citrus; fruit flies (Thepritidea species) on coffee; diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) on cabbage; and thrips on onion were the most destructive insect pests in the area. Especially, woolly whitefly in Kobo and leaf miner in Kalu districts were the major pests of citrus, with severities of 38.97% and 31.84%, respectively. Regardless of location, leaf miner was the most severe pest (42.31%) at the seedling stage of citrus. whereas, anthracnose (Colletotrichum species) and powdery mildew (Oidium caricae) on mango, anthracnose on avocado, purple blotch (Alternaria porri) on onion, and black sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) on banana were found to be the major diseases in their order of damage level and occurrence. This clearly indicates the need for regular and targeted pest monitoring on the one hand and the development of management options for the most important horticultural crop pests of the area on the other.
Co-Authors Abtie, Abate Desale, Tesfaye Gashaw, Berhan Kassaw, Admasie Mihretie, Aderajew Mihretie, Akalu Tiruneh, Abiye Wudu, Eshete Yimer, Desalegn