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All Journal Journal of Tropical Crop Science International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (IJFANRES)
Tiruneh, Abiye
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Journal : Journal of Tropical Crop Science

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Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Ayalew, Abebe; Abtie, Abate; Tiruneh, Abiye; Wudu, Eshete
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.388-397

Abstract

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers.
Evaluation of Copper Hydroxide Bactericide for the Management of Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) of Common Bean in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Tiruneh, Abiye; Abtie, Abate; Ayalew, Abebi; Desale, Tesfaye; Endris, Kedir
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.702-713

Abstract

Common bacterial blight constitutes a major constraint to common bean production in Ethiopia. To evaluate the efficacy of seed treatment and varying frequencies of foliar application of copper hydroxide for disease management, a field experiment was conducted at the Sirinka, Jari, and Cheffa research sites during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The study employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Eight treatments were assessed, including copper hydroxide seed treatment alone, seed treatment combined with one, two, or three foliar spray applications, and an untreated control. Data on disease severity, yield, and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat version 18.0 software. The combined mean analysis revealed that the highest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value (957) was recorded in the seed-treated plots receiving two foliar sprays, while the lowest AUDPC value (518.6) was observed in the untreated control plots. Seed yield ranged from 1408 kg.ha-1 in the control treatment to 2397 kg.ha-1 in plots treated with copper hydroxide seed treatment plus two foliar sprays. The highest marginal rate of return (2214.2%) was attained with seed treatment alone, whereas a single foliar spray application yielded a return of 102.92%. Based on these findings, it is recommended that copper hydroxide bactericide be applied as a seed treatment at a rate of 300 g.100 kg-1 of common bean seed at planting, supplemented with a single foliar spray at the onset of disease, as this approach provides the greatest net economic benefit compared to other treatments and the control.
Co-Authors Abtie, Abate Ayalew, Abebe Ayalew, Abebi Desale, Tesfaye Endris, Kedir Kassaw, Admasie Mihretie, Aderajew Mohamed, Awol Wudu, Eshete