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All Journal Jendela Pendidikan Insight : International Journal of social research
Sandi, Budi
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Other

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Journal : Insight : International Journal of social research

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Focus on the revision of the TNI Law and criticism of closed practices and the potential for "dual-functioning" restoration Sandi, Budi
International Journal of Social Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Insight : International Journal of Social Research
Publisher : Worldwide Research Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/insight.v3i2.72

Abstract

The revision of the TNI Law in 2025 has caused a polemic because it is considered to be carried out behind closed doors and has the potential to restore the practice of military dual functions. This raises concerns about the weakening of democratic principles and civil supremacy in post-reform Indonesia. This study aims to (1) analyze the practice of closed legislation in the revision process of the TNI Law, (2) evaluate the potential return of military dualism in the civilian sphere, and (3) examine public perception of the implications of the revision on democracy. The research uses a qualitative approach with a normative-empirical design. Data was collected through analysis of legal documents, interviews with academics and civil society activists, and online surveys of the general public. The triangulation technique was used to test validity, while the data analysis was carried out by the content analysis and thematic analysis methods. The results of the study show that the process of revising the TNI Law takes place with minimal transparency, with 67% of survey respondents considering the process to be not open. In addition, certain clauses in the revised draft open up opportunities for the involvement of the TNI in strategic civilian positions, which is considered a form of dual functional restoration. As many as 64% of respondents believe that the revision will restore the dual role of the military. These findings show the potential for democratic regression and democratic backsliding in Indonesia, and underscore the urgency of civil society surveillance to ensure that civil supremacy is maintained.
Students' Psychosocial Well-Being in the Digital Education System: National Challenges and International Trends Sandi, Budi
International Journal of Social Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Insight : International Journal of Social Research
Publisher : Worldwide Research Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/insight.v3i1.76

Abstract

The digital transformation in education brings both opportunities and challenges for students' psychosocial well-being. The increased duration of online learning and the intensity of digital interactions often lead to burnout, decreased engagement, and the risk of cyberbullying. This study aims to map the psychosocial well-being profile of Indonesian students in a digital education system, examine the relationship between academic demands and support resources on burnout and engagement, and compare these trends with international trends. The study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected from 412 junior high and high school students through online questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 students. Instruments included the School Burnout Inventory, an engagement scale, and a cyberbullying questionnaire. Data analysis used linear regression, ANOVA, and thematic analysis. Results showed that 38% of students were in the high burnout category, primarily due to synchronous classes lasting more than four hours per day. Student engagement tended to be moderate but decreased significantly in groups with limited digital access. Teacher and peer support was shown to function as a protective factor, reducing burnout and increasing engagement. Cyberbullying was identified in 27% of students as victims and 15% as perpetrators. Compared to international trends, Indonesian students have higher burnout rates and lower engagement. This research emphasizes the importance of digital learning designs that balance academic demands and social resources, as well as the need for digital literacy policies to mitigate psychosocial risks. These results contribute academically to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model in the context of digital education, as well as practical recommendations for schools and policymakers.
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