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All Journal Sigma&Mu: Journal of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science
Isah, Lekmang C.
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Education Mathematics

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A Petrological Estimation and Classification of the Lick2 in Kerang Ii Volcano of Jos Plateau State, Using Geothermometric and Empirical Approaches Isah, Lekmang C.; Ifeanyi, Achuenu
Sigma&Mu: Journal of Mathematics Education, Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/sigmamu.v3i2.484

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Abstract: The KERANG II volcano on the Jos Plateau, Plateau State, Nigeria, is part of a series of significant volcanic activity and provides a unique window into understanding regional magmatic and geodynamic processes. Volcanic rocks in this area are often associated with geochemical and petrological anomalies, making it an important subject for in-depth scientific investigation. To understand the evolution and composition of the Earth's interior, detailed characterization of igneous rocks is fundamental. This study aims to estimate and classify the petrology of LICK2 samples from KERANG II Volcano, Jos Plateau, Plateau State, Nigeria, by applying Bowen and Goldschmidt's concepts through Geothermometric and Empirical approaches. The analysis shows that, based on a mathematical framework combining Bowen and Goldschmidt's rules, LICK2 samples are classified as members of the gabbro clan. Minerals estimated using the empirical approach include Augite (Basic Clinopyroxene), Hyalosiderite (Basic Olivine), Labradorite (Basic Plagioclase), and Ulvospinel (Iron Ore). The gabbro clan includes basalt, dolerite, norite, scoria, and gabbro. Empirically, LICK2 samples from KERANG II Volcano show characteristics of gabbro clan rocks with alkaline basaltic magma types. This study successfully establishes a "mathematical relationship" between Bowen and Goldschmidt's concepts, providing a concise explanation of the mineral formation of KERANG II Volcano rocks, from the beginning to the end of crystallization. Keywords: Bowen; Geology and Rock; Goldschmidt; Numerical, Empirical
Application of Partial Differential Equation (PDE) and Integral Calculus to Rock Forming Minerals Ifeanyi, Achuenu; Isah, Lekmang C.; Dibal, Hyeladi; Kumleng, Geoffrey Mica
Sigma&Mu: Journal of Mathematics Education, Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/sigmamu.v4i1.428

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Chemical reaction in Magma is very complex, because of several anionic and cationic substitutions of different size and charge in the magma and in this case, complex problems require complex solutions. This research was focused on bridging the gap between Bowen and Goldschmidt concepts concerning the problem of elemental substitution and distribution of chemical elements in rocks throughout the time of crystallization with mathematical foundation under thermodynamic change such as Calculus, comprises differentiation, Integration, Cauchy-Riemann equation, Laplace equation and Power series comprises Euler series and Taylor series were applied to predict major minerals encompass the olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, mica, and feldspar, and their associated rocks encompass granite, basalt, andesite, and trachyte and were applied to resolve the problems of rock forming minerals in magma. Findings have shown that, in mathematical context, Bowen’s and Goldschmidt rules were mathematically connected using the Mathematical formulae as; , and Finally the “mathematical connection” between Bowen’s and Goldschmidt concepts was used in this research for a concise explanation of rock forming minerals from the beginning to the end of crystallization and would help the ‘beginners’ especially students of Earth sciences such as Geology, Mineralogy, Petrology and other chemical sciences such as Chemistry.
Co-Authors Dibal, Hyeladi Ifeanyi, Achuenu Kumleng, Geoffrey Mica