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Al-Mamoori, Sohaib K.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Journal : Civil Engineering Journal

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Spatial Variation of Shallow Soil Bearing Capacity Using SPT Data and MATLAB Analysis Al-Mamoori, Sohaib K.; Karkush, Mahdi; Al-Baghdadi, Waseem; Al-Rumaithi, Ayad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 11 (2025): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-11-017

Abstract

The current research examines the spatial distribution of shallow bearing capacity in Al-Najaf City through the use of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data supplemented with advanced computational tools in MATLAB. A high-quality geotechnical survey of 464 boreholes was carried out, with drilling performed at depths ranging from 18 m to 35 m below the current ground surface. To assess the shallow foundations, the top 12 m of the soil profile was analyzed. To measure in-situ soil resistance, SPT measurements were taken at specified depth intervals in every borehole. The raw SPT N-values were adjusted for overburden pressure, an energy-correction parameter, and groundwater effects; other minor adjustments were considered negligible based on their minimal impact on the final dataset. These corrected N-values formed the basis for calculating both ultimate and allowable bearing capacities using empirically developed correlations. MATLAB surface-interpolation procedures were used to generate georeferenced thematic maps that depict the lateral variation of bearing capacity within the 0–12 m depth interval. The resulting spatial analysis shows a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the northern and western regions of Al-Najaf, correlating with increases in urbanization and infrastructure density. The predictive geotechnical maps developed in this study can be considered a highly robust, cost-effective, and timely tool for initial subsurface engineering surveys to guide sustainable city development, infrastructure design, and optimization of foundation engineering.
Spatial Prediction of Soil Index Properties Using GIS and Empirical Bayesian Kriging Al-Baghdadi, Waseem H.; Al-Mamoori, Sohaib K.; Al-Maliki, Laheab
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-07

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the possible use of Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map and analyze geotechnical index properties in Thi Qar Province in southern Iraq. The aim of this objective is to describe the spatial variability of soil limits of the consistency and define areas with expansive soils, which may influence infrastructure development. Data on 550 boreholes and 862 observations per soil property, including Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), and Plasticity Index (PI), were analyzed. To test the predictive accuracy of the EBK model and thus assure its statistical validation, RMSE, MSD, RMSSD, and correlation coefficients were used to test the model. The findings show that the LL was between 32% and 69%, the PL between 9% and 36%, and the PI between 1% and 39%, with most of the soils being CL and CH, which signifies moderate-high plasticity. The results indicate that there are good spatial patterns, and plasticity is more dense in the north and central areas. The originality of this work is the use of EBK to create detailed digital soil maps of a semi-arid area, where the available geotechnical data is sparse, which is used to form a dependable base to support engineering design, land-use planning, and regional geotechnical modelling.
Co-Authors Al-Baghdadi, Waseem Al-Baghdadi, Waseem H. Al-Maliki, Laheab Al-Rumaithi, Ayad Karkush, Mahdi