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Pepito, Ma. Leona Maye B.
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Engineering

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Design, CFD analysis, and experimental validation of a NACA 4415 ducted hydrokinetic turbine for low-velocity river applications Pepito, Ma. Leona Maye B.; Ignalig, Kent B.; Becoy, Ian Keanu E.; Tadifa, Keith John D.; Lumasag, John Kenno P.
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i1.43

Abstract

Hydrokinetic turbines represent a promising solution for renewable energy generation in low-velocity rivers where conventional hydropower systems are not technically or economically feasible. Despite increasing interest in ducted hydrokinetic turbines, experimental validation of turbines employing the NACA 4415 airfoil under low-flow river conditions remains limited. This study presents the design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, and experimental validation of a horizontal-axis ducted hydrokinetic turbine using the NACA 4415 airfoil, specifically optimized for low-velocity river applications. Numerical simulations and field experiments were conducted for water velocities ranging from 0.89 to 1.03 m/s to evaluate turbine performance in terms of rotational speed, torque, power output, and power coefficient. The results indicate that the four-bladed ducted turbine achieved a maximum experimental power output of 67 W at a flow velocity of 1.03 m/s, corresponding to a power coefficient of 0.32. The diffuser-augmented configuration enhanced flow acceleration and rotational speed compared to theoretical predictions and numerical simulations, although performance discrepancies were observed due to hydrodynamic losses and mechanical inefficiencies. Overall, the findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of NACA 4415 ducted hydrokinetic turbines for decentralized renewable energy generation in low-flow river environments, contributing valuable experimental data for the development and optimization of small-scale hydrokinetic systems.
Performance evaluation of ethanol-derived waste cooking oil biodiesel in a forced-draft commercial burner system Pepito, Ma. Leona Maye B.; Acierto, Jasper V.; Raiz, Katrina Mae S.; Sambaan, Lance Erroyl J.; Tabasa, Alyssa Mae S.
Innovation in Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/ie.v3i1.44

Abstract

The improper disposal of waste cooking oil (WCO) presents significant environmental challenges, yet its potential as a renewable fuel remains underutilized. This study optimized the conversion of WCO into biodiesel through a two-step esterification and transesterification process and evaluated its performance in a commercial burner system compared to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The process employed acid-catalyzed esterification followed by alkaline transesterification using ethanol and potassium hydroxide, with ethanol-to-oil molar ratios of 11:1, 12:1, and 13:1. The 13:1 ratio was identified as optimal, yielding 165.85 g of crude biodiesel per 100 g of oil with reduced glycerol formation. Physicochemical characterization revealed a flash point of 160°C and a calorific value of 35.65 MJ/kg, satisfying key ASTM D6751 requirements. However, the density of 0.9756 g/mL exceeded the standard range, suggesting the presence of residual ethanol and the need for improved post-treatment purification. Performance testing showed that the biodiesel-fueled burner heated 1 L of water in 381.33 s, compared to 420.67 s for LPG, demonstrating enhanced heating performance. The system achieved a thermal efficiency of 19.46% and a specific fuel consumption of 1.48 MJ/L. Emission analysis confirmed complete combustion, with carbon monoxide levels of 22.3 ppm and zero hydrocarbon emissions. The improved performance is attributed to the use of a forced-draft burner system, which enhances fuel atomization and combustion stability. Overall, the results demonstrate that transesterified WCO is a viable and cleaner alternative to conventional fossil fuels, offering a practical waste-to-energy solution for small-scale commercial cooking applications.
Co-Authors Acierto, Jasper V. Becoy, Ian Keanu E. Ignalig, Kent B. Lumasag, John Kenno P. Raiz, Katrina Mae S. Sambaan, Lance Erroyl J. Tabasa, Alyssa Mae S. Tadifa, Keith John D.