PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC) ATAS KETERLIBATANNYA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Jazau Elvi Hasani (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya)

Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum
Sarjana Ilmu Hukum, Juni 2017

Jazau Elvi Hasani, Dr. Hanif Nur Widhiyanti S.H M.Hum , Prof. Masruchin Ruba’I S.H M.S Fakultas Hukum Universitas Barwijaya e-mail: [e-mail] ABSTRAKSI   Kegiatan pembangunan, terkadang disertai pelanggaran hukum yang berlaku. Keterlibatan korporasi dalam pembangunan terkadang diiringi oleh kegiatan yang bertentangan dengan undang-undang seperti penyuapan, korupsi, gratifikasi. Adapun contoh kasus keterlibatan korporasi atau Multinational Corporation (MNC) sebagai anak perusahaan dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi  di Indonesia yakni kasus penyuapan oleh Marubeni.corp, MAXpower Group Pte Ltd dan Rolls Royce. Di Indonesia Perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut tidak dikenakan hukuman pidana apapun. Perusahaan tersebut malah  dihukum oleh Otoritas asing seperti US Departement of Justice sebagai otoritas Amerika Serikat dan otoritas inggris dan dikenakan regulasi asing seperti FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practises Act) dan UK Briberly Act 2010. Pada dasarnya, Regulasi indonesia telah diatur tentang pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana penyuapan (bribery) yang termasuk korupsi. Namun, terdapat kelemahan, karena masih belum memberikan signifikasi subjek hukum korporasi Multinational Corporation (MNC) dalam UU Tipikor. Menurut UU Tipikor, subjek hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi adalah “setiap orang” yaitu “Setiap orang” dan “Korporasi” yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi di wilayah indonesia. Selama ini keterlibatan Multinational Corporation (MNC) dalam tindak pidana korupsi di wilayah Indonesia dengan pelaku warga negara asing malah ditangani oleh otoritas hukum asing dengan regulasi asing. Apabila terdapat regulasi asing yang diterapkan bagi Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang berkedudukan di wilayah Indonesia. Maka, perlu untuk mengetahui terlebih dahulu dan menghormati yurisdiksi hukum pemerintah Indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan di dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian yuridis normatif. Beberapa pendekatan  penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan Perundang – undangan (Statute Approach), dan Pendekatan Kasus (Case Approach). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini ialah Jenis-jenis Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang dapat dikenakan UU Tipikor adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang didirikan dan berkedudukan di Indonesia.(2) Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang tidak didirikan di Indonesia tetapi berkedudukan di wilayah Indonesia. Serta (3)Multinational Corporation (MNC) yang tidak didirikan dan juga tidak berkedudukan di Indonesia tetapi melakukan kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia.   Kata Kunci : Multinational Corporation (MNC), FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practises Act, UK Briberly Act. “THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC) ON ITS INVOLVEMENT IN CORUPTION” Jazau Elvi Hasani, Dr. HanifNurWidhiyanti S.H M.Hum , Prof. MasruchinRuba’I S.H M.S Faculty of Law Universitas Barwijaya e-mail: [e-mail] ABSTRACT   Development process is usually accompanied with legal violation. The involvement of corporations in development usually involves activities that are against the law such as bribery, corruption, and gratification. One of the examples of the involvement of corporations or Multinational Corporation (MNC)  as subsidiaries in corruption in Indonesia is the case of bribery by Marubeni corp, MAXpower Group Pte Ltd  and Rolls Royce. In Indonesia, those companies are not subjected with any legal sanctions. Instead, those companies are given sanctions by foreign authorities such as  US Department of Justice as United States’ Authority and also by the Authority of the United Kingdom. They are also charged with foreign regulations such as FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act) and UK Bribery Act 2010. Basically, Indonesian Regulation has regulated the issues on criminal liability for corporations which commit bribery including corruption. Basicaly, Indonesian’s regulations have regulated criminal liability done by corporation which commit bribery  including corruption. However, there is weakness in the law since it has not given legal subject significance for Multinational Corporation (MNC) in the Corruption Act. According to Corruption Act, legal subject for corruption is ‘every one’ and ‘corporations’ that commit corruption in Indonesian territory. So far, the involvement of Multinational Authority (MNC) in corruption in Indonesia with foreigners as the subjects is handled by foreign authorities using foreign regulations. If there are foreign regulations enacted to the Multinational Corporation (MNC) in Indonesia, they have to conform and respect the legal jurisdiction of Indonesian government. This research was normative juridical by design using statute and case approaches. The results of the study show that several kinds of Multinational Corporations (MNC) that are charged with Corruption Act are: (1) Multinational Corporations (MNC) eastablish and in are in operation in Indonesia, (2) Multinational Corporations (MNC) which are not established in Indonesia but are located in Indonesia, and (3) Multinational Corporations (MNC) which are not established and nor located in Indonesia but do economic activities in Indonesia.   Keywords: Multinational Corporation (MNC), FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, UK Bribery Act.