The use of enhancement material in grounding system: a review

Aizat Azmi (Institution of High Voltage & High Current (IVAT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Noor Azlinda Ahmad (Institution of High Voltage & High Current (IVAT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Lau Kwan Yiew (Institution of High Voltage & High Current (IVAT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Z. Abdul-Malek (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol 13, No 2: February 2019

This paper reviews the improvement of grounding impedance in grounding system by means of enhancement materials. Various enhancement materials for the past 20 years will be reviewed according to their advantages and disadvantages, followed by a focus on the technique for proper measurement set up based on the standard. In addition to that, the condition of enhancement materials under high voltage exposure is reviewed. Many researchers claim that soil resistivity, moisture content, and surrounding environment are the most contributed to the grounding system specifically on the grounding impedance. Hence, the utilization of enhancement materials is essential in order to maintain the grounding system performance.