Antimicrobial peptides naturally play a role in the innate immune system of any living organisms. These small molecules are known as "ancient weapon" and also recognized as natural antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have distinct characteristics including their unique structures which are strongly correlated to their antimicrobial activities. Recently the development of antimicrobial peptides as future antimicrobial agents has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical business. This article will discuss the natural role of antimicrobial peptides in host defence system and the relationship of their structure with antimicrobial activity. This article will also discuss the challenge in developing antimicrobial peptides as future antimicrobial agents.
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