<![CDATA[This paper deals with the significance of the methods of calculation (ḥisÄb) and observation (ru’yah) in determining the beginning of month in Islamic calendar, especially months of  Ramaá¸Än, ShawwÄl and Żū al-Ḥijjah, since these months have relationship with sacred Islamic rituals. However, Muslims should review and reexamine the basic method employed in determining beginning of month in Islamic calendar. Classical dichotomy that has led to controversy until these days relates to ḥisÄb and ru’yah. Some said that ru’yah method is final and decisive while ḥisÄb is only supporting ru’yah. Others said that it is ḥisÄb that is final and decisive, while ru’yah is used to support the method of ḥisÄb. From this dispute, there should be a meeting point; that is, ru’yah should be supported by accurate science of ḥisÄb.]]>
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