Al-Syaikh Muhammad Mahfûdz Al-Termasî al-Jâwî al-Indûnîsî wa Asânîduhu fî ‘ilmi al-Fiqhi

Kholil Syu'aib (Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau)

Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2017)

Pembahasan ini mengungkapkan tentang sanad dalam ilmu fiqh Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 H./1864-1917 M.), salah seorang ulama Nusantara (Indonesia) asal tanah Jawa, yang namanya sangat harum dan populer di wilayah Timur Tengah, khususnya di Kota Mekkah. Tema ini dibahas dengan tujuan untuk menyingkap sesuatu di balik tabir kebesaran namanya. Kajian ini bersumber dari karya monumentalnya dalam bidang sanad yang berjudul “Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala min al-Asanid.” Setelah dilakukan penerokaan secara seksama ditemukan bahwa ternyata Syaikh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi memiliki otoritas sanad dalam ilmu fiqh di samping sanad ilmu-ilmu yang lain. Setiap ilmu fiqh ia pelajari dan kitab fiqh yang ia baca kepada guru-gurunya ia diberi ijazah yang disertai dengan sanad yang bersambung kepada ulama fiqh dan pengarang kitab fiqh. Dengan demikian, prediket “fuqaha” yang telah disandangkan kepadanya, bukan karena hanya penguasaannya yang mendalam terkait materi-materi ilmu fiqh, tetapi juga karena otoritas sanad yang ia pegang dalam ilmu ini, sehingga ia menjadi fuqaha yang referesentatif bagi umat Islam, khususnya di kalangan mazhab Syafi’i. This discussion reveals about sanad in the fiqh knowledge of Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi (1285-1338 AH/1864-1917 AD), one of the Nusantara (Indonesia) scholars from Java land, whose name is very fragrant and popular in the Middle East region, especially in the Mecca city. This theme is discussed with the aim to uncover something behind the veil of his name. This study is derived from his monumental work in the field of sanad entitled "Hidayah al-Mustafid li Ma ‘Ala al Asanid." After carefully carried out it was found that Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuzh al-Termasi has sanad authority in the fiqh knowledge and the other knowledges. Every fiqh knowledge he studied and fiqh books that he read to his teachers he was given a diploma accompanied by a sanad that continued to fiqh scholars and authors of fiqh books. Thus, the predicate "fuqaha" that has been attributed to him, not because only his profound mastery of the material knowledge of fiqh, but also because sanad authority that he holds in this knowledge, so he became a representative fuqaha for Muslims, especially among Shafi'i school.