Problem dan Solusi Penataan Checks and Balances System dalam Pembentukan dan Pengujian Undang-Undang di Indonesia (Problem and Solutions for Arranging of The Checks and Balances System in The Process of Making Law and Constitutional Review in Indonesia)

Tanto Lailam (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)

Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan
Vol 12, No 1 (2021): JNH VOL 12 NO 1 JUNI 2021

This research focuses on checks and balances between state institutions in carrying out their functions. The research problem is related to the weakness of the system of balance and mutual control in the process of making law and constitutional review. To understand the research’s problem, normative legal research is used that prioritizes secondary data, with two approaches, namely the statute approach and the case approach. The results indicate several problems of checks and balances, namely: (1) the legislative problems in the presidential system which creates many compromises/confrontations; (2) checks and balances between weak legislative institutions; (3) poorly understood legislation techniques; (4) narrowed understanding of checks and balances based on the Constitutional Court decisions; (5) the problem of mutual claims of underlying truth in interpreting the constitution; (6) additional problems and revocation of authority through a decision; (7) problems with the Constitutional Court decisions that deviate from the law; and (8) problems with the meaning of constitutional morality. Solutions for the arrangement of checks and balances, namely: (1) regulating veto rights in the constitution; (2) reconstruction of the meaning of “regional autonomy” in managing legislative relations between DPR and DPD; (3) strengthening legal drafting capacity; (4) laying down the building of the principle of separation of power as well as checks and balances according to the constitution; (5) it is crucial to build an understanding of the correct interpretation of the constitution; (6) it is necessary to build the morale of the Constitutional Court through consistency and accountability of decisions; (7) minimize deviations from the Constitutional Court Law; and (8) strengthening the morality/ethics of judges. AbstrakPenelitian ini memfokuskan pada checks and balances antarlembaga negara dalam menjalankan fungsinya. Problem penelitian terkait lemahnya sistem saling imbang dan saling kontrol dalam pembentukan dan pengujian undang-undang. Untuk mengungkap problem penelitian tersebut, digunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang mengutamakan data sekunder, dengan dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problem checks and balances, yaitu (1) sistem legislasi dalam sistem presidensial yang banyak melahirkan kompromi/konfrontasi; (2) checks and balances antarlembaga legislatif yang lemah; (3) teknik legislasi yang kurang dipahami; (4) penyempitan pemahaman checks and balances dalam putusan MK; (5) problem saling klaim kebenaran dalam menafsirkan konstitusi; (6) problem tambahan dan pencabutan kewenangan melalui putusan; (7) problem putusan MK yang menyimpang dari undang-undang; dan (8) problem pemaknaan moralitas konstitusi. Solusi penataan checks and balances, yaitu (1) pengaturan hak veto dalam konstitusi; (2) rekonstruksi makna “otonomi daerah” dalam menata hubungan legislasi antara DPR dengan DPD; (3) penguatan kemampuan legal drafting; (4) meletakkan bangunan prinsip separation of power dan checks and balances secara benar menurut konstitusi; (5) penting membangun pemahaman kebenaran tafsir konstitusi; (6) perlu membangun marwah MK melalui konsistensi putusan dan akuntabilitas putusan; (7) meminimalisasi penyimpangan terhadap UU MK; dan (8) penguatan moralitas/etika hakim.