Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August

‘We Only Smile’: A Study of Perceived Discrimination among Asian Female Muslim Tourists

Ulinnuha, Hana (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
20 Aug 2021

Abstract

This chapter examines how Asian female Muslim tourists encountered negative and discriminatory experiences when they interacted with the locals during holidays in Europe, particularly The Netherlands. This is especially the case for female Muslims who wear the veil. The negative and discriminatory experiences encountered by these female Muslim tourists include gazes from locals, treated unfairly, negative remarks, and fall under suspicions. However, in hardly any case, these female Muslims "labelled" the event as discrimination and associated it to their identity as a Muslim. These female Muslim tourists employed a variety of coping strategies that comprise direct confrontation, accepting & ignoring discrimination, apologizing, justifying discrimination & thinking positively, modifying behaviour. There is a general attitude among these tourists about negotiating the negatively and discriminatory experiences: that they want to deal with it in a subtle way, such as by smiling.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

birci

Publisher

Subject

Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

Description

Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published in February, May, August and November by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal (BIRCU-Journal). BIRCI welcomes research papers in ...