Malaria pada Kelompok Wanita Usia Subur dan Anak di Indonesia: Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013

Revi Rosavika Kinansi (Vector and Reservoir Research and Development Center of Salatiga, NIHRD, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia)
Rika Mayasari (National Institute of Health Research and Development of Baturaja, NIHRD, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia)
Hotnida Sitorus (Vector and Reservoir Research and Development Center of Salatiga, NIHRD, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia)

Jurnal Vektor Penyakit
Vol 15 No 1 (2021): Edisi Juni

ABSTRACT Infants, toddlers, and pregnant women are high-risk groups that often experience deaths from malaria. Difficulty in accessing health services is one of the contributing factors, besides poverty, expensive health costs, lack of health workers, and limited health facilities. This study aims to look at the relationship between socio-economic factors, distance, environment, and community behavior with malaria incidence. This type of research is non-intervention observation with a cross-sectional design description and approach. The study population is all malaria-endemic areas in Indonesia, while a sample of all selected households in the census block (BS). The dependent variable is the incidence of malaria in children 0-14 years and women of childbearing age (WUS), the independent variable is the respondent's characteristics, preventative behavior, environment, and access to health services. The results of the linear regression analysis of the characteristics (age, education, and occupation) of WUS and children aged 0-14 years plus the sex of the child to the incidence of malaria showed a significant relationship. The results of the analysis of prevention behavior towards malaria-borne mosquito bites and the availability of health care facilities in the WUS group were almost all significant variables with the incidence of malaria. While the results of the analysis of prevention behavior against malaria-transmitted mosquito bites such as using the mosquito nets, repellent, and insect spray and then availability of health care facilities for children aged 0-14 years for the presence of health centers / auxiliary health centers and poskesdes / poskestren are significant. ABSTRAK Bayi, anak balita dan ibu hamil adalah kelompok risiko tinggi yang sering mengalami kematian akibat malaria. Kesulitan akses pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebabnya, disamping kemiskinan, biaya kesehatan yang mahal, kurangnya tenaga kesehatan dan fasilitas kesehatan yang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi, jarak, lingkungan dan perilaku masyarakat dengan kejadian malaria. Jenis penelitian observasi non intervensi dengan desain deskripsi dan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian seluruh masyarakat daerah endemis malaria di Indonesia, sedangkan sampel seluruh rumah tangga yang terpilih di blok sensus (BS). Variabel terikat yaitu kejadian malaria pada anak 0-14 tahun dan wanita usia subur (WUS), variabel bebas yaitu karakteristik responden, perilaku pencegahan, lingkungan dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Hasil analisis regresi linier terhadap karakteristik (umur, pendidikan dan pekerjaan) pada WUS dan anak usia 0-14 tahun ditambah dengan jenis kelamin anak terhadap kejadian malaria menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Hasil analisis perilaku pencegahan terhadap gigitan nyamuk penular malaria dan ketersediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pada kelompok WUS hampir semua variabel bermakna signifikan dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil analisis perilaku pencegahan terhadap gigitan nyamuk penular malaria seperti penggunaan kelambu tidur, pemakaian repelen dan penggunaan obat semprot serangga serta ketersediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan pada anak usia 0-14 tahun untuk variabel keberadaan puskesmas/puskesmas pembantu dan poskesdes/poskestren bermakna signifikan.