PERBAIKAN DAYA HASIL DAN UMUR PANEN TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata sturt) MELALUI SELEKSI MASSA

Wayan Sudika (Fakultas Pertanian Unram Mataram)

Agroteksos
Vol 7 No 3 (1997): JURNAL ILMIAH AGROTEKSOS 1997

ABSTRAK Daya hasil dan umur panen jagung manis varietas HSSC No 9, telah diperbaiki melalui seleksi massa. Daya hasil diperbaiki didasarkan atas keserempakan masaknya bunga jantan dan bunga betina, yang telah dilakukan selama enam siklus. Berat tongkol layak jual meningkat dari 12,033 ton menjadi 13,920 ton per hektar setelah enam siklus tersebut. Seleksi massa siklus ketujuh dan ke delapan diarahkan terhadap umur panen melalui dua cara, yaitu secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung didasarkan atas umur keluar rambut tongkol. Selama dua siklus seleksi, cara tidak langsung memberikan kemajuan seleksi lebih besar daripada cara langsung, yakni 1,00 hari untuk cara tidak langsung dan 0,80 hari untuk cara langsung. Perbaikan umur panen ini ternyata menyebabkan pula kenaikan berat tongkol layak jual, yakni 0,608 ton untuk cara tidak langsung dan 0,325 ton per hektar per siklus untuk cara langsung. Oleh karenanya perbaikan daya hasil dan umur panen tanaman jagung manis dapat dilakukan melalui seleksi massa sekaligus hanya menggunakan kriteria seleksi umur keluar rambut tongkol. ABSTRACT The yield potential and harvesting days of Sweet Corn HSSC No 9 variety have been improved through mass selection. The yield potential has been improved based on reducing the time laps between pollen shedding and silking; which has been done for six cycles. The weight of marketable ears increased from 12.033 ton to 13.920 ton per hectare after six cycles of mass selection. Mass selection on seventh and eighth cycles is directed to the improvement of harvesting days through two selection method i.e. direct and indirect selection. Indirect selection is the improvement of harvesting days through silk emergence date. During two cycles of selection, the gain selection of indirect selection was greater than direct selection method, i.e. 1.0 day for indirect selection and 0.8 days for direct selection. The improvement of harvesting days also caused the improvement of marketable ear weight, i.e. 0.608 ton for indirect selection and 0.325 ton per hectare per cycles for direct selection. Therefore, the improvement of the yield potential and harvesting days of sweet corn could be done by mass selection based on silk emergence date.