Utilization of Peroxide Bleached Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibre Waste into Cellulose Nano Crystal

Dwi Joko Prasetyo (Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency)
Nur Evita Fitriana (Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia)
Wahyu Anggo Rizal (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Hernawan (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Tri Hadi Jatmiko (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Diah Pratiwi (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Anggita Sari Praharasti (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Roni Maryana (Research Center for Advance Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, Indonesia)
Muslih Anwar (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Ria Suryani (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Andri Suwanto (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Satriyo Krido Wahono (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Crescentiana Dewi Poeloengasih (Research Center for Food Technology and Processes, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022)

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre (SPF) waste is a side product of sugar palm starch production and needs to be processed to avoid environmental pollution. Since the SPF has high cellulose content, it can be beneficial if it is valorized into high-value products such as cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The CNC production from SPF was initiated by cellulose production by using an environmentally friendly peroxide bleaching as elementary chlorine free bleaching method. The CNC production was conducted via sulfuric acid hydrolysis at a temperature of 40°C, solid/liquid ratio of 1:10, and hydrolysis time of 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The same functional groups were observed in all CNC samples, including the appearance of the ester sulfate group. The decrease in yield and crystallinity index (CrI) as the hydrolysis time was observed. These phenomena were caused by the degradation of the crystalline structure of cellulose and the formation of the ester sulfate group. The measurement of CNC diameter size was carried out by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The CNC diameter was below 100 nm which indicated the nanoparticle formation was observed at CNC produced at hydrolysis times of 75 and 90 minutes. In conclusion, CNC production was successfully produced from peroxide bleached SPF which is more environmentally friendly than the conventional method using chlorite bleached cellulose. Furthermore, it is needed to optimize the production of SPF CNC in further research.