Profil pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Ari Canti, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

Ni Putu Nita Wiryandari (Dokter Umum, Rumah Sakit Ari Canti, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia)
Ketut Suardamana (Dokter Penyakit Dalam, Rumah Sakit Ari Canti, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia)

ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran
Vol. 13 No. 3 (2022): (In Press 1 December 2022)

Background: Since March 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underwent genetic evolution and changes in the nature of the virus, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment. This study aims to determine the profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at  Ari Canti Hospital (RSAC), one of the COVID-19 referral hospitals in Gianyar, Bali. Methods: The design was a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study, using the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) patients selected by a simple random sampling technique. Results: From 290 samples, the majority of COVID-19 patients treated at RSAC were 60.7% male, in the age range of 50-59 years 26.5%, with severe symptoms 45.8% and recovered 83.4%. The dominant symptoms were fever 85.2%, cough 80%, and shortness of breath 60%. The most common comorbidities were >1 comorbidity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Hematological examination at the first time of hospitalization showed leukopenia (4.8%), lymphopenia (14.5%), thrombocytopenia (12.8%),  and anemia (21.7%). The results also showed an increase in Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (31.4%), Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (11.7%), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) (40.7%), D-Dimer  (73.4% ) dan High sensivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)  (66.6%). Most showed bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray. The most common treatment for COVID-19 at RSAC uses antiviral remdesivir (77.9%), quinolone antibiotics (73.4%), and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) (53.4%).  A total of 56.6% of patients received corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: Patients hospitalized at RSAC mostly showed severe symptoms and recovered. The treament folowing the standard of inpatient treatment for COVID-19 patients.   Latar belakang: Sejak Maret 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) dinyatakan sebagai pandemi. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mengalami evolusi genetik dan perubahan sifat virus, manifestasi klinis serta respon pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Ari Canti (RSAC), salah satu rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Gianyar, Bali Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional deskriptif retrospektif, menggunakan rekam medis pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) sejak Juli 2020 - Maret 2022 yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil: Dari 290 sampel, mayoritas pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSAC adalah laki-laki 60.7%, berada pada rentang usia 50-59 tahun 26.5%, dengan gejala berat 45.8% dan sembuh 83.4%. Gejala didominasi demam 85.2%, batuk 80%, dan sesak 60%. Komorbid tersering yaitu >1 komorbid, hipertensi, dan diabetes melitus. Gambaran hematologi menunjukkan leukopenia (4.8%), limfopenia (14.5%), trombositopenia (12.8%), dan  anemia (21.7%). Hasil juga menunjukkan peningkatan Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (31.4%), Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (11.7%), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) (40.7%), D-Dimer (73.4% ) dan High sensivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) (66.6%). Sebagian besar menunjukkan infiltrat bilateral pada x-ray thorax. Tatalaksana COVID-19 di RSAC tersering menggunakan antivirus remdesivir (77.9%), antibiotik golongan kuinolon (73.4%), dan antikoagulan Low Molecule Weight Heparin (LMWH) (53.4%). Sebanyak 56.6 % pasien mendapat terapi kortikosteroid. Kesimpulan: Pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSAC sebagian besar menunjukkan gejala berat dan sembuh. Terapi yang diberikan mengikuti standar terapi rawat inap pasien COVID-19.