<![CDATA[A conventional surface mapping is calculated by any means of linear interpolator such as nearest neighborhood point (NNP), inverse distance (IDW)/inverse distance square (IDS), polygon, contour weighing, Ordinary Kriging (OK). The latter is included in geostatistic methods and provides more advanced weighing method that differs from the rest. Although OK provides smoothing over mapping data but it does not cover categorial (non-value) data. Besides, it is not best in strongly skewed data that are common in exploration data and is limited to the expected value at some location. On the other hand, a non-linear interpolator is conducted to estimate the conditional expectation at a location, that not only to simply predict the grade or other parameter itself, but also the probability of the parameter at a location with known nearby samples. An integrated surface mapping should have many kinds of data that can be categorized into continous data (grade, thickness, elevation, etc.) and categorial data (lithology, alteration, structural data, etc.). In order to create a block that consist of all data available in a given deposit, a non-linier transformation will be conducted to estimate values at determined thresholds by Kriging methods – known as Indicator Kriging method and its variants.]]>
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