Pencegahan Emergence Agitation Pasca-operasi pada Pasien Anak

Dimas Kusnugroho Bonardo Pardede (Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Ratatotok – Buyat, Minahasa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia)

Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Vol 47 No 1 (2020): Bedah

Emergence agitation (EA) adalah gangguan perilaku pasca-operasi terkait pemulihan anestesi yang sering dijumpai pada pasien anak usia prasekolah. Meskipun hanya sementara, EA tetap berpotensi membahayakan pasien, menambah biaya perawatan, dan ketidakpuasan orang tua pasien. Etiologi pasti belum jelas diketahui, diduga multifaktorial. Diagnosis EA dengan skala Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED). Manajemen anestesi yang baik melalui intervensi non-farmakologis dan farmakologis yang tepat dapat mencegah EA. Emergence agitation (EA) is an anesthetic recovery-related postoperative negative behaviour, usually in preschool pediatric patients. Although temporary and self-limited, it may increase the risk of self-harm, medical care costs and decrease parent’s satisfaction. The exact cause and underlying mechanism are yet to be determined but several factors may be involved. Diagnosis is by Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. Proper anesthetic management implementing non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions may prevent EA.