<![CDATA[This research paper presents a novel approach to classifying microscopic images of desmids using transfer learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The purpose of this study was to automate the tedious task of manually classifying microscopic algae and improve our understanding of water quality in aquatic ecosystems. To accomplish this, we utilized transfer learning to fine-tune 13 pre-trained CNN models on a dataset of five categories of desmids. We evaluated the performance of our models using several metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our results show that transfer learning can significantly improve the classification accuracy of microscopic images of desmids, and efficient CNN models can further enhance performance. The practical implications of this research include a more efficient and accurate method for classifying microscopic algae and assessing water quality. The theoretical implications include a better understanding of the application of transfer learning and CNNs in image classification. This research contributes to both theory and practice by providing a new method for automating the classification of microscopic algae and improving our understanding of aquatic ecosystems]]>
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