Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kota Subulussalam

Heriadi Dedek Sahputra (Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala)
Manfarizah Manfarizah (Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala)
Hairul Basri (Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala)

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian
Vol 5, No 2 (2020): Mei 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat bahaya erosi pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kota Subulussalam. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriftif yang didasarkan pada hasil pengamatan di lapangan dan analisis tanah di laboratorium. Erosi tanah dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) yang dikemukakan oleh Wischmeir dan Smith (1978). Metode USLE mengamati beberapa aspek seperti erosivitas, erodibilitas, faktor panjang dan kemiringan lereng, faktor pengelolaan tanaman dan tindakan konservasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu, persiapan, pengumpulan data, pelaksanaan lapangan, analisis laboratorium dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa pada lokasi penelitian ini terdapat enam satuan peta lahan (SPL) dengan total luas 2437,83 Hektar. Erosi potensial tertinggi dijumpai pada SPL 2 yaitu sebesar 6762,10 ton ha-1 th-1 dan erosi potensial terendah dijumpai pada SPL 1 yaitu 172,01 ton ha-1 th-1. Erosi aktual tertinggi dijumpai pada SPL 2 yaitu sebesar 473,35 ton ha-1 th-1 dan erosi aktual terendah dijumpai pada SPL 5 yaitu 9,58 ton ha-1 th-1. Terdapat 3 klasifikasi tingkat bahaya erosi yaitu tingkat bahaya erosi ringan (R) pada SPL 1, SPL 5, dan SPL 6, tingkat bahaya erosi sedang (S) pada SPL 3, dan tingkat bahaya erosi berat (B) pada SPL 2 dan SPL 4.The Level of Erosion Hazard at Oil Palm Plantation in Subulussalam CityAbstrak.  This study aims to determine the level of erosion hazard in palm oil plantations in Subulussalam City. The research method uses a descriptive method based on field observations and soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil erosion is calculated by using the formula of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) which is invented by Wischmeir and Smith (1978). The USLE method observes several aspects such as erosivity, erodibility, length and slope factors, crop management factors and conservation actions. This research consists of several stages, namely, preparation, data collection, field implementation, laboratory analysis and data analysis. The results of the study showed that at the location of this study there were six units of land maps (SST) with a total area of 2437.83 hectares. The highest potential erosion was found in SPL 2 which was 6762.10 tons ha-1 th-1 and the lowest potential erosion was found in SPL 1 which was 172.01 tons ha-1 th-1. The highest actual erosion was found in SPL 2 which was 473.35 tons ha-1 th-1 and the lowest actual erosion was found in SPL 5 which was 9.58 tons ha-1 th-1. There are 3 classifications of the level of erosion hazard namely the level of light erosion hazard (R) in SPL 1, SPL 5, and SPL 6, the level of moderate erosion hazard (S) in SPL 3, and the level of severe erosion hazard (B) in SPL 2 and SPL 4.