Arabic vowels characterization and classification using the normalized energy relating to formants and pitch

Mohamed Farchi (Hassan First University of Settat)
Karim Tahiry (Hassan First University of Settat)
Ahmed Mouhsen (Hassan First University of Settat)

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol 12, No 5: October 2023

Vowels are the primary units of a sound system of a language. The classification of these vowels is therefore very important for the recognition and synthesis of speech. In this paper, we propose a normalized energy-based approach in formants and pitch to characterize Arabic vowels (short vowels: / a /, / i /, / u /; long vowels: / a: /, / i: /, / u: /). The classification was performed using a developed algorithm on records extracted from an Arabic corpus after the extraction of the pitch and the first three formants and the computation of the normalized energy in these bands. The results showed that the algorithm distinguishes Arabic vowels by analyzing the normalized energy in the nucleus of F1, F2, and F3 formants and pitch F0 with a rate of 88.7% for long vowels and a rate of 90% for short vowels.