Biobutanol Production Using High Cell Density Fermentation in a Large Extractant Volume

Rizki Fitria Darmayanti (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto, Jember 68121)
Yukihiro Tashiro (Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395)
Kenji Sakai (Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395)
Kenji Sanomoto (Bio-Architecture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,)
Ari Susanti (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto, Jember 68121)
Bekti Palupi (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto, Jember 68121)
Meta Fitri Rizkiana (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto, Jember 68121)

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Vol 9, No 3 (2020): October 2020

Biobutanol is well known as a suitable substitute for gasoline, which can be applied without engine modification. Butanol toxicity to the producer strain causes difficulties to grow strain of higher than 4 g/L dry cell weight and to produce butanol higher than 20 g/L. Fermentation using high initial cell density has been reported to enhance butanol productivity. In addition, oleyl alcohol has been recognized for effective extraction of butanol because of its selectivity and biocompatibility with reduced the effect of toxicity. Butanol fermentation with high cell density and large extractant volume has not been reported and is expected to improve butanol production in a minimum medium volume setting. Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4, C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 (8052), and C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (824) were used in this study. Three kinds of media, TYA, TY, and TY-CaCO3, were used in this conventional extractive fermentation. Then, in situ extractive fermentation with Ve/Vb ratios at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 10 were used. Total butanol concentration was defined as the broth-based total butanol, which is the total amount of butanol produced in broth and extractant per the volume of broth. TYA medium yielded the highest total butanol concentrations at N1-4 (12 g/L), 8052 (11 g/L), and 824 (15 g/L), and the highest partition coefficient (3.7) among the three media with similar Ve/Vb ratio at 0.5. N1-4 yielded the highest increment of total butanol production (22 g/L) in the extractive fermentation with high cell density. Low butanol concentration of 0.8 g/L in the broth was maintained using the extractant at a broth volume ratio (Ve/Vb) much lower than 4.4 g/L with a ratio of 0.5. Ve/Vb ratio of 10 which provided 2-fold higher total butanol concentration (28 g/L) than that of 11 g/L obtained using a Ve/Vb ratio of 0.5. These results indicated that a larger volume of extractant to broth improved total butanol concentration by reducing butanol toxicity and led to high medium based butanol yield in fermentation using high cell density.