Jurnal Riset Akuakultur
Vol 18, No 3 (2023): (September, 2023)

KELIMPAHAN DAN JENIS BAKTERI Vibrio PADA AIR DAN SEDIMEN TAMBAK UDANG VANAME SISTEM MONOKULTUR DAN POLIKULTUR DENGAN Gracilaria sp. DI KABUPATEN BREBES

Restiana Wisnu Ariyati (Universitas Diponegoro)
Lestari Lakhsmi Widowati (Universitas Diponegoro)
Amelia Rahmawati (Universitas Diponegoro)
Sarjito Sarjito (Universitas Diponegoro)
Sri Rejeki (Universitas Diponegoro)



Article Info

Publish Date
05 Apr 2024

Abstract

Infeksi bakteri Vibrio merupakan salah satu masalah yang banyak dihadapi pada budidaya udang vaname. Serangan vibriosis disebabkan oleh tingginya limbah organik di perairan. Rumput laut jenis Gracilaria sp. memiliki senyawa aktif dan kemampuan memperbaiki kualitas air sehingga dapat mereduksi kelimpahan bakteri Vibrio. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan jenis bakteri Vibrio pada budidaya udang vaname secara monokultur dan polikultur dengan Gracilaria sp. Sampel air dan sedimen diambil dari lima tambak monokultur dan lima tambak polikultur di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah.  Bakteri Vibrio dihitung kelimpahannya dengan metode total plate count dan diidentifikasi secara morfologi, mikroskopis, dan uji biokimia. Kelimpahan bakteri Vibrio air di tambak polikultur lebih rendah (3,46 × 104  CFU mL-1) dibanding tambak monokultur (2,18 × 105  CFU mL-1). Bakteri V. alginolyticus terdapat pada substrat dan air di tambak monokultur, namun pada tambak polikultur hanya terdapat di air. Hal ini diduga karena Gracilaria sp. memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif (alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, dan fenolik) yang berperan sebagai antibakteri alami. Lebih lanjut, kandungan nitrat dan fosfat di tambak polikultur (0,3-0,5 ppm dan 1,3-1,4 ppm) lebih rendah dibanding tambak monokultur (2,2-2,4 ppm dan  2,5-2,1 ppm). Kondisi ini menyebabkan Bakteri Vibrio fluvialis dan Vibrio vulnificus terdapat pada tambak monokultur yang memiliki nitrat dan fosfat yang lebih tinggi dari tambak polikultur. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Gracilaria sp. memiliki kemampuan dalam mereduksi nutrien melalui thallusnya, sehingga menciptakan lingkungan perairan yang lebih baik untuk mereduksi kelimpahan bakteri Vibrio. Vibrio bacterial infection is one of the problems often faced in Pacific white leg shrimp cultivation. Vibriosis attacks are caused by high levels of organic waste in waters. Gracilaria sp. has active compounds and the ability to improve water quality so that it can reduce the abundance of Vibrio bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the abundance and types of Vibrio bacteria in cultivation of Pacific white leg shrimp in monoculture and polyculture with Gracilaria sp. Water and sediment samples were taken from five monoculture ponds and five polyculture ponds in Brebes, Central Java. The abundance of Vibrio bacteria was calculated using the total plate count method and identified morphologically, microscopically, and biochemically. The abundance of Vibrio bacteria in water of polyculture ponds was lower (3.46 × 104 CFU mL-1) than in monoculture ponds (2.18 × 105 CFU mL-1). Vibrio alginolyticus is found in the substrate and water of monoculture ponds, but in polyculture ponds it was only found in water. This was thought to be because Gracilaria sp. contains bioactive compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics) which act as natural antibacterials. Furthermore, the nitrate and phosphate content in polyculture ponds (0.3-0.5 ppm and 1.3-1.4 ppm) was lower than in monoculture ponds (2.2-2.4 ppm and 2.5-2.1 ppm). This condition caused Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio vulnificus found in monoculture ponds which had higher nitrate and phosphate than polyculture ponds. This showed that Gracilaria sp. has the ability to reduce nutrients through its thallus, thus creating a better aquatic environment to reduce the abundance of Vibrio bacteria. 

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jra

Publisher

Subject

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

Description

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur as source of information in the form of the results of research and scientific review (review) in the field of various aquaculture disciplines include genetics and reproduction, biotechnology, nutrition and feed, fish health and the environment, and land resources in ...