<![CDATA[Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic disorder characterized by the degradation of bone mass and modification of bone microstructure, resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Hypoestrogen conditions cause an increase in osteoclast activity and a decrease in osteoblast activity, resulting in a rapid decrease in bone mass due to an imbalance in bone formation and resorption. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in biological processes, including bone formation and remodeling. The decrease in estrogen levels in menopause disrupts various epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in regulating bone homeostasis. DNA methylation leads to the hypermethylation of important genes such as RUNX2 and SOST, which decreases the expression of these genes and reduces bone formation. Histone Modification: reduces histone acetylation through increasing hystone deacytelase (HDAC) activity, leading to decreased expression of genes important for osteogenesis. Non-coding RNA: alters the expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity, contributing to the imbalance between bone formation and resorption.]]>
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