The Role of Human Capital and Regional Effects on Earnings: Multilevel Mixed Effect Regression Approach

Aisya Amalia Rachmadani (Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret)
Tri Mulyaningsih (Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret)
Basem Ertimi (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Zawia)

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan
Vol 24, No 2 (2023): JEP 2023

Indonesia has an abundant labor supply, so examining the determinants of earnings that reflect labor productivity is essential. This study is keen to estimate the effect of human capital, demographic factors, and regional (Regency/City) effects on workers' earnings in the Province of Central Java in 2022. The data is collected from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). The multilevel mixed-effect regression is employed to assess the effect of individual characteristics and district-level variation on earnings. The study found that human capital, demographic factors, and regional (Regency/City) effects significantly affect earnings. Education and training are essential to improve workers’ skills, leading to higher performance. Further, regional characteristics have contributed to explaining earnings variation across workers in Central Java.