<![CDATA[Coffee is a vital agricultural commodity, and precise classification of coffee beans is crucial for quality assessment and agricultural practices. In this study, we propose a methodology utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based on ResNet-101 architecture for coffee bean classification. The novelty of our approach lies in the integration of comprehensive feature extraction from grayscale coffee bean images, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, energy, entropy, and smoothness, with the transfer learning capabilities of CNN. Through this integration, we achieved exceptional classification performance, with the CNN model attaining accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score metrics of 99.44% and 100% on the training data, and 100% on the testing data. These results underscore the robustness and generalization capability of our methodology in accurately classifying coffee bean types. While the dataset used in this study is experimental, the comprehensive feature extraction and the effectiveness of the CNN architecture suggest the potential for accurate classification of coffee bean types beyond the experimental data, provided the new data shares similar characteristics to the collected samples. For future research, we recommend exploring the integration of two transfer learning techniques within CNN architectures to further enhance coffee bean classification systems. Specifically, leveraging pre-trained CNN models as a foundation for feature extraction, while simultaneously fine-tuning specific layers to adapt to the nuances of coffee bean classification tasks, could offer improved model performance and scalability.]]>
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