<![CDATA[The classification process applied in this study helps identify the many kinds of herbal plants. Herbal plant leaf features are used based on color, shape, and texture. Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) hybridization are applied in the classification process to increase classification and identification accuracy. A well-liked metaheuristic approach for solving optimization issues is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Particles look around the search area for the best responses. A particle swarm is initially initialized randomly within the search area via the PSO algorithm. Every particle's mobility is determined by both its own experience and the experiences of the other particles in the swarm. Each particle keeps track of the best solution it has ever found and the swarm's most extraordinary remedy that has so far been discovered. The Hybrid approach concurrently selects features for the SVM and optimizes its parameters. The kernel function's gamma value non-linearly maps an input space to a high-dimensional feature space. At the same time, the C parameter determines the trade-off between fitting error minimization and model complexity. The Gaussian kernel parameter is set to determine the optimal parameter value of the RBF kernel function. Feature selection solves the issue by eliminating redundant, associated, and irrelevant features. A confusion matrix is utilized in the evaluation to gauge the system's performance. The results demonstrated an improvement in accuracy, with the hybrid PSO-SVM using test data achieving an accuracy of 98% compared to the SVM method, achieving a 91% accuracy.]]>
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