<![CDATA[Abstrak: Keterlibatan anak dalam tindak pidana berat menimbulkan persoalan yuridis yang menuntut kajian mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana menurut UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (UU SPPA) serta menilai efektivitas penerapannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan studi kepustakaan melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur ilmiah, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun UU SPPA mengatur mekanisme diversi, pengurangan pidana, dan pembentukan lembaga khusus, penerapan di lapangan masih terkendala disharmoni regulasi, keterbatasan aparat, dan resistensi budaya hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis disparitas antara norma dan praktik peradilan anak, sedangkan kontribusinya berupa tawaran konseptual dalam menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum dengan perlindungan anak. Secara akademik penelitian ini memperkaya literatur hukum pidana anak, sekaligus memberi rekomendasi kebijakan yang aplikatif. Kata Kunci: Pelaku, peradilan anak, perlindungan hukum Abstract: The involvement of children in serious crimes raises legal issues that require in-depth study. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of child offenders under the Child Criminal Justice System Law (SPPA Law) and assess the effectiveness of its implementation. The method used is normative legal with a literature study through analysis of legislation, scientific literature, and previous research results. The findings show that although the UU SPPA regulates diversion mechanisms, reduction of punishment, and the establishment of special institutions, its implementation in the field is still hampered by regulatory disharmony, limitations of the apparatus, and legal cultural resistance. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the disparity between norms and practices in juvenile justice, while its contribution is a conceptual offer to balance legal certainty with child protection. Academically, this research enriches the literature on juvenile criminal law, while also providing applicable policy recommendations. Keyword: Offenders, juvenile justice, legal protection]]>
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