<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of nanofluid concentration and panel tilt angle variation on photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system efficiency using numerical simulation with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results showed that the optimal nanofluid concentration of 20% resulted in an even distribution of fluid flow, while increasing the concentration to 20% at an inclination angle of π/6 decreased the PV cell temperature, increased the photovoltaic efficiency to 12.04%, and the best electrical power of 36.71 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 69.5% was achieved at a concentration of 20% with an inclination angle of π/6, while the highest total efficiency of 81.7% was achieved at an inclination angle of π/3. The optimal combination of nanofluid concentration and tilt angle was shown to significantly improve the energy efficiency of the PV/T system, making an important contribution to the development of more efficient renewable energy technologies.]]>
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