Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards Hypertension in the Elderlies

Rahmadia Kusumamardhika (Geriatric Wijayakusuma Main Clinic, Bogor, Indonesia)
Anis Puspita Utami (Geriatric Wijayakusuma Main Clinic, Bogor, Indonesia)
Hendro Darmawan (Geriatric Wijayakusuma Main Clinic, Bogor, Indonesia)

Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Vol 50 No 7 (2023): Kardiovaskular

Introduction: The role of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in hypertension is crucial in controlling prevalence and preventing longterm complications against cardiovascular diseases. Method: Cross-sectional study on the elderlies with hypertension in Wijayakusuma Geriatric Outpatient Main Clinic, Bogor using valid KAP questionnaire. Results: The sample was 100 elderly hypertensive patients, 33% were male and 67% were female with an average of 67.43+5.13 years of age. As many as 75% of patients with controlled hypertension, 68% with obesity, 56% with hypertension less than 5 years, 54% had a family history of hypertension, and 2% had a history of smoking. The comorbidities were diabetes (40%), congestive heart disease (15%), and stroke (12%). The average knowledge is 81.88+16.8% (very good), the average attitude is 67.33+25.06% (good), and practice average 95+11.79% (very good). Knowledge is associated with education level (p=0.008) and hypertension duration (p=0.05). Attitudes are associated with controlled hypertension (p=0.008), whereas practice is related to age < 70 years (p=0.05). There is a relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.029). Conclusion: The role of KAP on hypertension in the elderly with hypertension are adequate, but can be improved.   Pendahuluan: Peran pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku (PSP) pada hipertensi penting untuk mengontrol prevalensi dan mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang. Metode: Studi cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner yang valid terkait PSP pada pasien lanjut usia (lansia) hipertensi di poliklinik Klinik Utama Geriatri Wijayakusuma, Bogor. Hasil: Didapatkan 100 orang pasien terdiri dari 33% laki-laki dan 67% perempuan dengan rerata umur 67,43±5,13 tahun. Sebanyak 75% pasien dengan hipertensi terkontrol, 68% dengan obesitas, 56% dengan hipertensi di bawah 5 tahun, 54% memiliki riwayat hipertensi pada keluarga, dan 2% dengan riwayat merokok. Komorbid adalah diabetes (40%), penyakit jantung kongestif (15%), dan stroke (12%). Rerata pengetahuan adalah 81,88±16,8% (sangat baik), rerata sikap adalah 67,33±25,06% (baik), dan rerata perilaku adalah 95±11,79% (sangat baik). Pengetahuan berkaitan dengan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,008) dan durasi hipertensi (p=0,05). Sikap berkaitan dengan hipertensi terkontrol (p=0,008) dan terkait pada kelompok usia ≤ 70 tahun (p=0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap (p=0,029). Simpulan: Peran PSP terkait hipertensi pada lansia sudah adekuat tetapi dapat ditingkatkan.