<![CDATA[This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms of Escherichia coli resistance to the antibiotic nitrofurantoin in clinical isolates from urinary tract infections. One hundred samples were collected from patients in hospitals in Mosul, Iraq, and isolates were diagnosed using routine laboratory tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration of nitrofurantoin was determined by micro-dilution. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the 16SrRNA, nfsA, and nfsB genes. The results showed that 13 isolates (35%) were resistant and 9 (24%) were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for the sensitive isolates ranged between 83.33-166 µg/mL. Deletion mutations were found in the nfsA and nfsB genes, along with several point mutations that resulted in the production of defective enzymes, explaining the resistance to nitrofurantoin. The study concluded that mutations in the nfsA and nfsB loci are the main cause of nitrofurantoin resistance in the strains.]]>
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