<![CDATA[Increased CO2 emissions are the cause of rising temperatures and climate change around the world in the last decade. This study uses panel data analysis to examine the relationship between GDP, urbanization, industrialization, and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines) from 2013 to 2023. The data collection technique in this study uses secondary data from the World Bank. This study employs quantitative methods, with the estimation method being panel data regression using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) analysis method. The results indicate that the variables GDP, urbanization, and industrialization have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions in the long term. Meanwhile, the variable foreign direct investment has a negative and significant impact on CO2 emissions in the long term. The adjusted coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2) in this research method is 0.871265, equivalent to 87.12% of the independent variables consisting of GDP, Urbanization, Industrialization, and Foreign Direct Investment, which can explain CO2 emissions in the five ASEAN countries. The remaining portion is explained by other variables not addressed in this study.]]>
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