Complementary feeding practice and geography of residence among stunting children

Salsabella, Dhea Fitria (Master Program of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan Utara, Surakarta)
Lestari, Anik (Master Program of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan Utara, Surakarta Medical Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentin)
Mulyani, Sri (Master Program of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan Utara, Surakarta Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan Utara, Surakarta)

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics)
VOLUME 13 ISSUE 3, 2025

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronik dengan penyebab multifaktoral, mulai dari praktik pemberian pangan hingga lingkungan seperti geografi tempat tinggal. Terdapat beberapa indikator penilaian praktik pemberian makanan pendamping yang optimal pada anak usia 6-23 bulan seperti Animal Source Food (ASF), Zero Vegetable and Fruit (ZVF) dan Unhealthy Food Consumption (UFC).Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi protein hewani (ASF), makanan tidak sehat (UFC), indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah (ZVF) dan geografi tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting pada anak 6-23 bulan di Kabupaten Jember.Metode: Terdapat 88 anak yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (52 di Kecamatan Puger dan 36 di Kecamatan Jelbuk). Teknik sampling yang digunakan  adalah multistage sampling. Data ASF, ZVF dan UFC diambil melalui 24 hours recall questionnaire, geografi tempat tinggal diketahui melalui data BPS sedangkan panjang badan anak diukur menggunakan infantometer sedangkan tinggi badan anak diukur menggunakan stadiometer. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 26. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi univariat untuk menggambarkan distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik biner untuk analisis multivariat.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 26.13% anak usia 6-23 bulan yang  mengalami stunting, 22,72% anak mengonsumsi protein hewani, 42,02% tidak mengonsumsi sayuran, dan 77,27% mengonsumsi makanan ultra proses. Berdasarkan uji chi-square yang dilakukan, tidak terdapat hubungan ynag signifikan antara konsumsi makanan tidak sehat dan geografi tempat tinggal dengan stunting (p>0.05). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi protein hewani menjadi faktor penyebab stunting yang lebih dominan (p=0.039, OR=9.53,95%CI= 1.12-81.21) dilanjutkan dengan ZVF (p=0.004, OR=5.31, 95%CI= 1.71-16.40). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara konsumsi protein hewani dan indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan di Kabupaten Jember. KATA KUNCI: stunting konsumsi protein hewani; indikator konsumsi sayur dan buah; konsumsi makanan tidak sehat; geografi tempat tinggal    ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a long-term nutritional issue containing multiple causes, including dietary habits and environmental factors such residential geography. Several metrics were employed to evaluate the ideal methods of introducing complementary food to children between the ages of 6-23 months. These metrics include Animal Source Food (ASF), Zero Vegetable and Fruit (ZVF), and Unhealthy Food Consumption (UFC).  Objectives: This study aims to investigate the correlation between ASF, ZVF, UFC and the geographical location of residence with the prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in the Jember Regency.Methods: The study involved 88 children as the sample approach through multistage sampling. Information on ASF, ZVF, and UFC was obtained by 24-hour recall questionnaire. The BPS data was used to determine the geographical residence, while a stadiometer/infantometer was used to measure height/length. The data were then analyzed using SPSS. Univariate analysis was conducted, followed by bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.Results: The study revealed that 26.13% of children between the ages 6-23 months showed signs of stunting. Among these children, 22.72% consumed diverse ASF, 42.02% did not consume vegetables, and 77.27% consumed ultra-processed foods. The chi-square test revealed a lack of correlation between the consumption of unhealthy food and geographical location of residence with regards to stunting (p>0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that the consumption of animal protein was the primary factor leading to stunting with statistically significant correlation (p=0.039, OR=9.53, 95%CI=1.12-81.21). Additionally, ZVF was also discovered as a significant predictor of stunting (p=0.004, OR=5.31, 95%CI=1.71-16.40).Conclusions: In conclusion, ASF and ZVF are concurrently associated with the prevalence of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Jember Regency . KEYWORDS: stunting; animal source food; zero vegetable and fruit; unhealthy food consumption; geography of residenceReceived: 14 Jan 2024; Revised: 07 October 2024; Accepted: 04 Feb 2025; Available online: 30 May 2025; Published: 31 Mar 2025