Computational Analysis of Medical Image Generation Using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Shrina Patel
Makwana, Ashwin

Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics
Vol 7 No 3 (2025): July

The limited availability of diverse, high-quality medical images constitutes a significant obstacle to training reliable deep-learning models that can be used in clinical settings. The traditional methods used for data augmentation generate inadequate medical photos that result in poor model performance and a low rate of successful generalization. This research studies the effectiveness of DCGAN cGAN CycleGAN and SRGAN GAN architectures through performance testing in five essential medical imaging datasets, including Diabetic Retinopathy, Pneumonia and Brain Tumor and Skin Cancer and Leukemia. The main achievement of this research was to perform an extensive evaluation of these GAN models through three key metrics: generation results, training loss metrics, and computational resource utilization. DCGAN generated stable high-quality synthetic images, whereas its generator produced losses from 0.59 (Pneumonia) to 6.24 (Skin Cancer), and its discriminator output losses between 0.29 and 6.25. CycleGAN showed the best convergence potential for Diabetic Retinopathy with generator and discriminator losses of 2.403 and 2.02 and Leukemia with losses at 3.325 and 3.129. The SRGAN network produced high-definition images at a generator loss of 6.253 and discriminator loss of 6.119 for the Skin Cancer dataset. Still, it failed to maintain crucial medical characteristics in grayscale images. GCN exhibited stable performance across all loss metrics and datasets. The DCGAN model required the lowest computing resources for 4 to 7 hours, using 0.9M and 1.4M parameters. The framework of SRGAN consumed between 7 and 10 hours and needed 1.7M to 2.3M parameters for its operation, and CycleGAN required identical computational resources. DCGAN was determined as the ideal model for synthetic medical image generation since it presented an optimal combination of quality output and resource efficiency. The research indicates that using DCGAN-generated images to increase medical datasets serves as a solution for boosting AI-based diagnostic system capabilities within healthcare.