<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the effect of direct training and rope media training on students’ underhand passing skills in volleyball at State Vocational School 3 Makassar. The quasi-experimental method was used with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 students were selected through purposive sampling and divided equally into two groups: the direct training group (n = 15) and the rope media training group (n = 15). Each group underwent a six-week intervention, with training conducted three times per week. Data were collected through underhand passing skill tests conducted before and after the training period. The mean pre-test score for the direct training group was 62.4, and the post-test score increased to 75.8, indicating a gain of 13.4 points. Meanwhile, the rope media group showed a pre-test mean of 61.7, which increased to 78.6 in the post-test, with a total improvement of 16.9 points. Statistical analysis using paired sample t-tests showed that both training methods significantly improved the students' underhand passing skills (p < 0.05). Furthermore, independent sample t-test results revealed that rope media training was significantly more effective than direct training (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both training methods positively impact volleyball underhand passing skills, but rope media training offers a more substantial improvement. These findings suggest that incorporating media such as ropes can enhance learning outcomes in physical education.]]>
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