The term of Islam kaffah in the Qur'an is found in Surah Al-Baqarah [2]: 208. However, the term kaffah also appears in three other verses. Scholars differ in their opinions regarding the position of kaffah in that verse. Some refer to the word udkhulu and others to al-silm. Naturally, this leads to different interpretations and methods of implementation. This term is related to the issue of the caliphate, often advocated by radical groups in Indonesia. For example, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) defines it as the implementation of Islamic Sharia law and the caliphate system as the basis of the state. Therefore, this article has two objectives: to understand the correct interpretation of Islam kaffah in the Qur'an and to identify the deviations in understanding Islam kaffah in Indonesia. The method used in this research is critical analysis. The appropriate understanding of Islam kaffah is how a Muslim lives by following Sharia commands based on the Qur'an and Sunnah in totality, while respecting and not disturbing adherents of other religions. It also involves maintaining good relationships and preserving peace and tranquility in this pluralistic society, as established by Islamic leaders and revolutionary heroes during the independence era.
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