<![CDATA[Mangrove ecosystems are important for coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation. However, the accurate identification of mangrove species is very challenging due to the morphological similarities between different species, especially when the species are analyzed based on limited plant organs like leaves or stems. Manual identification methods have traditionally been time-consuming, error-prone, and require expert knowledge. Addressing these issues, this research suggests an automatic classification system based on Deep Learning techniques by leveraging the MobileNet-V3 architecture. The system is based on images of three different plant organs—leaves, stems, and seeds—of five mangrove species: Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia alba. Data augmentation techniques such as rotation, shifting, and flipping, as well as sharpness enhancement, were applied in the preprocessing step to enhance data variability and ease model generalization. The model was trained with a carefully selected set of hyperparameters and extensively validated through training and testing steps. The experiment results demonstrated outstanding performance with a training accuracy of 99.88% and perfect precision, recall, and F1-score values of 100%. Furthermore, testing with unseen data confirmed the robustness of the model since all test samples were correctly identified. This research concludes that the MobileNet-V3 architecture offers an effective approach to mangrove species classification and suggests that future work should involve larger and more varied datasets, real-world field environments, and the investigation of ensemble models to further extend the adaptability and scalability of mangrove monitoring systems.]]>
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